Tegg Nicole L, Ahmed Sofia B, Southern Danielle A, Shlakhter Oleksandr, Norris Colleen M
Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
CJC Open. 2023 Sep 13;6(2Part B):355-361. doi: 10.1016/j.cjco.2023.09.003. eCollection 2024 Feb.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of premature death for Canadian women, which may be due partly to a lack of awareness of the presentation of acute coronary events in emergency departments (EDs). To address an identified gap in women's cardiovascular care, we sought to describe the clinical and comorbid factors of women who, following discharge from an ED, suffered a myocardial infarction (MI).
Descriptive analyses were completed on a cohort of women who presented to an ED in Alberta, Canada, between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2020, were discharged, and within 30 days of their index ED visit, were admitted to the hospital with an MI. The cohort was explored for clinical and comorbid data, ED visits pre-MI, type of MI, and presenting complaint/ primary diagnosis for the index ED visit.
1380 women were included in this analysis with a mean age of 67 (standard deviation ±13) years. The frequencies of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia among the youngest women, aged 18-45 years, were 47.5%, 31.3%, and 48.8%, respectively. Women across all ages demonstrated a high prevalence of traditional CVD risk factors, and 22% of women presented to an ED 2 or more times within the 30 days pre-MI.
Regardless of their age, the women in this cohort had notable CVD risk factors. Future research is required to better understand the phenomenon of women presenting multiple times to an ED pre-MI. Research is needed on life-stage-specific factors of women presenting to EDs pre-MI, to help reduce MI incidence.
心血管疾病（CVDs）是加拿大女性过早死亡的主要原因，这可能部分归因于急诊科（EDs）对急性冠状动脉事件表现的认识不足。为了弥补女性心血管护理中已发现的差距，我们试图描述那些从急诊科出院后发生心肌梗死（MI）的女性的临床和合并症因素。
对2010年1月1日至2020年12月31日期间在加拿大艾伯塔省的急诊科就诊、出院且在首次急诊科就诊后30天内因心肌梗死入院的女性队列进行描述性分析。对该队列进行临床和合并症数据、心肌梗死前的急诊科就诊情况、心肌梗死类型以及首次急诊科就诊时的主诉/主要诊断的探究。
本分析纳入了1380名女性，平均年龄为67（标准差±13）岁。在18 - 45岁最年轻的女性中，高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常的发生率分别为47.5%、31.3%和48.8%。所有年龄段的女性都表现出传统心血管疾病危险因素的高患病率，并且22%的女性在心肌梗死前30天内到急诊科就诊2次或更多次。
无论年龄大小，该队列中的女性都有显著的心血管疾病危险因素。需要进一步研究以更好地理解女性在心肌梗死前多次到急诊科就诊的现象。还需要对心肌梗死前到急诊科就诊的女性的特定生命阶段因素进行研究，以帮助降低心肌梗死的发生率。
