Matura Lea Ann
Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA, USA 02115. Email:
J Clin Med Res. 2009 Dec;1(5):262-6. doi: 10.4021/jocmr2009.12.1276. Epub 2009 Dec 28.
Cardiovascular disease continues to be the leading cause of death in women and men in the United States. This study aimed to investigate differences in characteristics between those women who died and survived an acute myocardial infarction (MI).
This secondary analysis included 109 women. Demographic variables were extracted along with presenting MI symptoms, cardiovascular risk factors (family history of cardiovascular disease, patient history of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and smoking history), type of MI, time of symptom onset and time of presentation to emergency department (ED) for treatment. Descriptive statistics described the sample, t-tests and chi-square analyzed differences between the groups.
There was a 12% mortality rate for women experiencing an acute MI. The women who died had a mean age of 79 years, approximately 7 years older than those who survived (P = 0.037). The leading MI presenting symptoms were chest pain and shortness of breath. The mean number of cardiovascular risk factors for those who died were 2.15 compared to 2.75 for those who survived (P = 0.063). The majority of those women who survived had a non ST Elevation MI (94%) compared to 54% with a non ST Elevation MI who died. Median time to ED presentation was 242.5 minutes for those who survived compared to 244 minutes who died (P = 0.951).
These data demonstrate a MI mortality profile of women which included an older age, no family history of heart disease reported, and a high rate of hypertension. Those who died reported chest pain and shortness of breath, with several presenting with a syncopal event. In addition, the women represented in this sample had a prolonged presentation time for treatment.
Myocardial infarction; Gender; Women; Mortality; Cardiovascular risk factors.
在美国，心血管疾病仍然是男性和女性死亡的主要原因。本研究旨在调查急性心肌梗死（MI）后死亡和存活的女性在特征上的差异。
这项二次分析纳入了109名女性。提取了人口统计学变量以及急性心肌梗死的症状、心血管危险因素（心血管疾病家族史、心血管疾病个人史、糖尿病、高胆固醇血症、高血压和吸烟史）、心肌梗死类型、症状发作时间和到急诊科（ED）就诊治疗的时间。描述性统计描述了样本情况，t检验和卡方检验分析了组间差异。
急性心肌梗死女性的死亡率为12%。死亡女性的平均年龄为79岁，比存活女性大约大7岁（P = 0.037）。急性心肌梗死的主要症状是胸痛和呼吸急促。死亡者的心血管危险因素平均数量为2.15，而存活者为2.75（P = 0.063）。存活的女性中大多数为非ST段抬高型心肌梗死（94%），而死亡的非ST段抬高型心肌梗死女性占54%。存活者到急诊科就诊的中位时间为242.5分钟，死亡者为244分钟（P = 0.951）。
这些数据表明了女性心肌梗死的死亡特征，包括年龄较大、无心脏病家族史报告以及高血压发生率高。死亡者报告有胸痛和呼吸急促，部分人出现晕厥事件。此外，该样本中的女性治疗就诊时间延长。
心肌梗死；性别；女性；死亡率；心血管危险因素
