Li Chenglong, Gao Darui, Cai Yutong Samuel, Liang Jie, Wang Yongqian, Pan Yang, Zhang Wenya, Zheng Fanfan, Xie Wuxiang
Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
Health Data Sci. 2023 Oct 16;3:0091. doi: 10.34133/hds.0091. eCollection 2023.
Uncertainty exists regarding the operating pathways between near-roadway exposure and dementia incidence. We intend to examine relationships between proximity to major roadways with dementia incidence and brain MRI structure measures, and potential mediation roles of air and noise pollution. The cohort study was based on the UK Biobank. Baseline survey was conducted from 2006 to 2010, with linkage to electronic health records conducted for follow-up. Residential distance to major roadways was ascertained residential address postcode. A land use regression model was applied for estimating traffic-related air pollution at residence. Dementia incidence was ascertained using national administrative databases. Brain MRI measures were derived as image-derived phenotypes, including total brain, white matter, gray matter, and peripheral cortical gray matter. We included 460,901 participants [mean (SD) age: 57.1 (8.1) years; men: 45.7%]. Compared with individuals living >1,000 m from major traffic roads, living ≤1,000 m was associated with a 13% to 14% higher dementia risk, accounting for 10% of dementia cases. Observed association between residential distance and dementia was substantially mediated by traffic-related air pollution, mainly nitrogen dioxide (proportion mediated: 63.6%; 95% CI, 27.0 to 89.2%) and PM (60.9%, 26.8 to 87.0%). The shorter residential distance was associated with smaller volumes of brain structures, which was also mediated by traffic-related air pollutants. No significant mediation role was observed of noise pollution. The shorter residential distance to major roads was associated with elevated dementia incidence and smaller brain structure volumes, which was mainly mediated by traffic-related air pollution.
道路附近暴露与痴呆症发病率之间的作用路径尚不确定。我们打算研究靠近主要道路与痴呆症发病率及脑磁共振成像（MRI）结构测量值之间的关系，以及空气和噪音污染的潜在中介作用。这项队列研究基于英国生物银行。2006年至2010年进行了基线调查，并与电子健康记录相链接以进行随访。通过居住地址邮编确定住所与主要道路的距离。应用土地利用回归模型估算住所周边与交通相关的空气污染。使用国家行政数据库确定痴呆症发病率。脑MRI测量值作为图像衍生表型得出，包括全脑、白质、灰质和外周皮质灰质。我们纳入了460,901名参与者[平均（标准差）年龄：57.1（8.1）岁；男性：45.7%]。与居住在距离主要交通道路1000米以上的个体相比，居住在距离主要交通道路1000米及以内的个体患痴呆症的风险高13%至14%，占痴呆症病例的10%。观察到的居住距离与痴呆症之间的关联主要由与交通相关的空气污染介导，主要是二氧化氮（中介比例：63.6%；95%置信区间，27.0至89.2%）和颗粒物（60.9%，26.8至87.0%）。居住距离越短，脑结构体积越小，这也由与交通相关的空气污染物介导。未观察到噪音污染有显著的中介作用。距离主要道路越短的居住距离与痴呆症发病率升高和脑结构体积较小有关，这主要由与交通相关的空气污染介导。
