Frenzel Oliver, Steig Jayme, Hodges Alyssa
North Dakota State University, Department of Pharmacy Practice.
Innov Pharm. 2023 Nov 9;14(3). doi: 10.24926/iip.v14i3.5546. eCollection 2023.
Self-medication practices continue to grow due to reclassification of prescription to OTC status and self-care information on the internet, however unintended injuries and inappropriate use of medications continue to challenge healthcare providers during the provision of patient care. Pharmacists have an integral role in pharmacovigilance and patient education activities to ensure safe medication use, storage, and disposal practices. The objective of this medication safety and disposal educational program was to provide comprehensive informational support to the community coupled with an assessment using the Health Belief Model (HBM) to gauge participants' perceived behavior change. The HBM was selected to assess the understanding of the community members' benefits and barriers to safe medication practices. The HBM posits that health behaviors are influenced by perceptions of a diseases' severity, perceived susceptibility, perceived barriers to health practices, perceived benefits of health practices, self-efficacy, and cues to action. An 8 item pre/post survey following the HBM constructs was developed which used a 5 point Likert scale. A total of 25 senior participants attended the educational program. Twenty-three pre/post surveys were completed (RR=92%). Five items revealed a statistically significant change from pre to post-educational content including understanding risk of herbal/OTC products (p=0.021), improved awareness of medication disposal methods (p=0.044), comprehension of OTC 'Drug Facts' information (p=0.004), understanding OTC label information to prevent medication interactions and side effects (p=0.008), and routinely reviewing expiration dates on medications and disposing of these properly (p=0.019). This study suggests a comprehensive approach which covers a wide range of medication safety topics and disposal practices can successfully improve the knowledge and skill of community participants and potentially improve medication harm reduction practices.
由于处方药重新分类为非处方药以及互联网上的自我护理信息，自我药疗行为持续增加。然而，在为患者提供护理期间，意外伤害和药物的不当使用仍然给医疗服务提供者带来挑战。药剂师在药物警戒和患者教育活动中发挥着不可或缺的作用，以确保安全用药、储存和处置方法。本药物安全与处置教育项目的目标是为社区提供全面的信息支持，并使用健康信念模型（HBM）进行评估，以衡量参与者感知到的行为变化。选择HBM来评估社区成员对安全用药行为的益处和障碍的理解。HBM认为，健康行为受到对疾病严重程度的认知、感知易感性、健康行为的感知障碍、健康行为的感知益处、自我效能感以及行动线索的影响。根据HBM构建了一份包含8个条目的前后测调查问卷，采用5点李克特量表。共有25名老年参与者参加了该教育项目。完成了23份前后测调查问卷（回复率=92%）。五个条目显示，教育内容前后有统计学上的显著变化，包括对草药/非处方药产品风险的理解（p=0.021）、对药物处置方法的认识提高（p=0.044）、对非处方药“药品说明书”信息的理解（p=0.004）、对非处方药标签信息以预防药物相互作用和副作用的理解（p=0.008），以及定期查看药品有效期并妥善处理（p=0.019）。本研究表明，一种涵盖广泛药物安全主题和处置方法的综合方法可以成功提高社区参与者的知识和技能，并可能改善药物伤害减少措施。
