Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran . Email:
Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran. Email:
Invest Educ Enferm. 2022 Oct;40(3). doi: 10.17533/udea.iee.v40n3e11.
To evaluate the effectiveness of the application of an educational program based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) in Adopting Preventive Behaviors from Self-Medication among Women in Iran.
Interventional study with pre and post phases. 200 women referring to the health centers of Urmia were selected by simple random sampling, divided into two groups of treatment and control. Data collection instruments were researcher-devised questionnaire including the questionnaire of Knowledge of Self-medication, the Questionnaire of Preventive Behaviors from Self-medication, and the questionnaire of Health Belief Model. The questionnaires were assessed for expert validity and then, were checked for reliability. The educational intervention was conducted for the treatment group during four weeks four 45-minute sessions.
The average scores of knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, self-efficiency, and post-intervention performance in have increased in treatment group, comparing to the control group, All findings were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Furthermore, social media, doctors, and disbelief in self-medication were more effective in increasing awareness and encouraging to have proper medication, also, the highest self-medication was in taking pain-relievers, cold tablets and antibiotics, which showed significant decrease in treatment group after the intervention.
The educational program based on Health Belief Model was effective in reducing the self-medication among the studied women. Furthermore, it is recommended to use social media and doctors to improve the awareness and motivation among people. Thus, applying the educational programs and plans according to the Health Belief Model can be influential in reducing the self-medication.
评估基于健康信念模型（HBM）的教育计划在伊朗女性中采用自我用药预防行为的效果。
干预性研究，包括前后两个阶段。采用简单随机抽样法，从乌尔米亚的健康中心选取 200 名女性，分为治疗组和对照组。数据收集工具包括研究者设计的问卷，其中包括自我用药知识问卷、自我用药预防行为问卷和健康信念模型问卷。这些问卷经过专家评估后进行了信度检验。对治疗组进行了为期四周、每周四次、每次 45 分钟的教育干预。
治疗组的知识、感知易感性、感知严重性、感知益处、感知障碍、行动线索、自我效能感和干预后的表现得分均有所提高，与对照组相比，所有发现均具有统计学意义（p<0.05）。此外，社交媒体、医生和对自我用药的不信任更能提高意识和鼓励适当用药，同时，治疗组在接受干预后，止痛药、感冒药和抗生素的自我用药量明显减少。
基于健康信念模型的教育计划在减少研究女性自我用药方面是有效的。此外，建议利用社交媒体和医生来提高人们的意识和积极性。因此，根据健康信念模型应用教育计划和方案可能对减少自我用药有影响。
