Mancusi Costantino, Basile Christian, Spaccarotella Carmen, Gargiulo Giuseppe, Fucile Ilaria, Paolillo Stefania, Gargiulo Paola, Santoro Ciro, Manzi Lina, Marzano Federica, Ambrosino Pasquale, De Luca Nicola, Esposito Giovanni
Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Scientific Directorate of Telese Terme Institute, Telese, Italy.
High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 2024 Mar;31(2):127-140. doi: 10.1007/s40292-024-00629-1. Epub 2024 Mar 15.
Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a prevalent global condition affecting approximately 50% of the HF population. With the aging of the worldwide population, its incidence and prevalence are expected to rise even further. Unfortunately, until recently, no effective medications were available to reduce the high mortality and hospitalization rates associated with HFpEF, making it a significant unmet need in cardiovascular medicine. Although HFpEF is commonly defined as HF with normal ejection fraction and elevated left ventricular filling pressure, performing invasive hemodynamic assessments on every individual suspected of having HFpEF is neither feasible nor practical. Consequently, several clinical criteria and diagnostic tools have been proposed to aid in diagnosing HFpEF. Overall, these criteria and tools are designed to assist healthcare professionals in identifying and evaluating patients who may have HFpEF based on a combination of signs, symptoms, biomarkers, and non-invasive imaging findings. By employing these non-invasive diagnostic approaches, clinicians can make informed decisions regarding the best pharmacological and rehabilitation strategies for individuals with suspected HFpEF. This literature review aims to provide an overview of all currently available methods for diagnosing and monitoring this disabling condition.
射血分数保留的心力衰竭（HFpEF）是一种普遍存在的全球性疾病，约占心力衰竭患者群体的50%。随着全球人口老龄化，其发病率和患病率预计还会进一步上升。不幸的是，直到最近，尚无有效的药物可降低与HFpEF相关的高死亡率和住院率，这使其成为心血管医学中一个重大的未满足需求。虽然HFpEF通常被定义为射血分数正常但左心室充盈压升高的心力衰竭，但对每个疑似患有HFpEF的个体进行有创血流动力学评估既不可行也不实际。因此，已经提出了几种临床标准和诊断工具来辅助HFpEF的诊断。总体而言，这些标准和工具旨在帮助医疗保健专业人员根据体征、症状、生物标志物和非侵入性影像学检查结果的综合情况，识别和评估可能患有HFpEF的患者。通过采用这些非侵入性诊断方法，临床医生可以就疑似HFpEF患者的最佳药物治疗和康复策略做出明智的决策。这篇文献综述旨在概述目前所有用于诊断和监测这种致残性疾病的方法。
