Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; Program of Neurobiology and Neurological Disease, Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
Carbohydr Polym. 2024 Jun 1;333:121978. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121978. Epub 2024 Feb 24.
Mushroom polysaccharides are recognized as "biological response modifiers". Besides several bioactivities, a growing interest in their prebiotic potential has been raised due to the gut microbiota modulation potential. This review comprehensively summarizes mushroom polysaccharides' biological properties, structure-function relationship, and underlying mechanisms. It provides a recent overview of the key findings in the field (2018-2024). Key findings and limitations on structure-function correlation are discussed. Although most studies focus on β-glucans or extracts, α-glucans and chitin have gained interest. Prebiotic capacity has been associated with α-glucans and chitin, while antimicrobial and wound healing potential is attributed to chitin. However, further research is of utmost importance. Human fecal fermentation is the most reported approach to assess prebiotic potential, indicating impacts on intestinal biological, mechanical, chemical and immunological barriers. Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been directly connected with intestinal, cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurological diseases. Concerning gut microbiota modulation, animal experiments have suggested proinflammatory cytokines reduction and redox balance re-establishment. Most literature focused on the anticancer and immunomodulatory potential. However, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antidiabetic, hypocholesterolemic, antilipidemic, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties are discussed. A significant overview of the gaps and research directions in synergistic effects, underlying mechanisms, structure-function correlation, clinical trials and scientific data is also given.
蘑菇多糖被认为是“生物反应调节剂”。除了几种生物活性外，由于其对肠道微生物群的调节潜力，人们对其益生元潜力的兴趣日益增加。本综述全面总结了蘑菇多糖的生物学特性、结构-功能关系和作用机制。它提供了该领域的最新概述（2018-2024 年）。讨论了结构-功能相关性的关键发现和局限性。尽管大多数研究都集中在β-葡聚糖或提取物上，但α-葡聚糖和几丁质也引起了关注。益生元能力与α-葡聚糖和几丁质有关，而抗菌和伤口愈合潜力归因于几丁质。然而，进一步的研究至关重要。人类粪便发酵是评估益生元潜力最常报道的方法，表明其对肠道生物、机械、化学和免疫屏障的影响。肠道微生物群失调与肠道、心血管、代谢和神经疾病直接相关。关于肠道微生物群的调节，动物实验表明减少促炎细胞因子和恢复氧化还原平衡。大多数文献都集中在抗癌和免疫调节潜力上。然而，也讨论了抗炎、抗菌、抗病毒、抗糖尿病、降胆固醇、降血脂、抗氧化和神经保护特性。还对协同作用、作用机制、结构-功能关系、临床试验和科学数据方面的差距和研究方向进行了全面概述。
