Advances in Drug Therapy for Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive disease with a notably poor prognosis. A large number of patients with PDAC develop metastases before they are diagnosed with metastatic pancreatic cancer (mPDAC). For mPDAC, FOLFIRINOX or gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel are the current first-line treatments. It is important to note, however, that many patients will fail chemotherapy because of drug resistance. ​Heterogeneous tumors and complex tumor microenvironments are key factors. As a result, clinical researchers are exploring a variety of alternative treatment modalities. Current understanding of the molecular signature and immune landscape of PDAC has motivated the emergence of different targeted and immune-based therapeutic approaches, some of which have shown promising results. The purpose of this review is to discuss the new targets and new drugs for mPDAC in terms of specific pathogenic factors such as metabolic vulnerability, DNA damage repair system, tumor microenvironment and immune system, in order to identify potential vulnerabilities in mPDAC patients and hopefully improve the prognosis of mPDAC patients.