Deparment of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Shevchenka 57, Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine.
Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ontario, Ottawa K1S 5B6, Canada.
Ageing Res Rev. 2024 Apr;96:102274. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102274. Epub 2024 Mar 17.
In recent years, intermittent fasting (IF) and its numerous modifications have been increasingly suggested as a promising therapy for age-related problems and a non-pharmacological strategy to extend lifespan. Despite the great variability in feeding schedules that we describe in the current work, underlying physiological processes are the same and include a periodic switch from glucose metabolism (generated by glycogenolysis) to fatty acids and fatty acid-derived ketones. Many of the beneficial effects of IF appear to be mediated by optimization of energy utilization. Findings to date from both human and animal experiments indicate that fasting improves physiological function, enhances performance, and slows aging and disease processes. In this review, we discuss some of the remarkable discoveries about the beneficial effects of IF on metabolism, endocrine and cardiovascular systems, cancer prevention, brain health, neurodegeneration and aging. Experimental studies on rodent models and human investigations are summarized to compare the outcomes and underlying mechanisms of IF. Metabolic and cellular responses triggered by IF could help to achieve the aim of preventing disease, and maximizing healthspan and longevity with minimal side effects.
近年来，间歇性禁食（IF）及其众多变体被越来越多地推荐为一种有前途的治疗与年龄相关问题的方法，也是一种延长寿命的非药物策略。尽管我们在当前的工作中描述了不同的饮食方案，但潜在的生理过程是相同的，包括从葡萄糖代谢（由糖原分解产生）到脂肪酸和脂肪酸衍生的酮体的周期性转变。IF 的许多有益作用似乎是通过优化能量利用来介导的。迄今为止，来自人类和动物实验的研究结果表明，禁食可以改善生理功能、提高表现、减缓衰老和疾病进程。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 IF 对代谢、内分泌和心血管系统、癌症预防、大脑健康、神经退行性变和衰老的有益影响的一些显著发现。对啮齿动物模型和人类研究的实验研究进行了总结，以比较 IF 的结果和潜在机制。IF 引发的代谢和细胞反应可能有助于实现预防疾病的目标，并在最小的副作用下最大限度地延长健康寿命和寿命。
