Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, 1165 Morris Park Ave, Rousso Bldg., Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
Am J Psychoanal. 2024 Mar;84(1):42-56. doi: 10.1057/s11231-024-09433-1.
The outsider phenomenon is an existential pathology interrelated with the need to belong. It is a group related experience that has developmental foundations. W. R. D. Fairbairn (1952), was one of the first psychoanalysts who systematically challenged Freudian theory, and located the human experience within social relationships. Fairbairn (1935) suggested that the family is the first social group, leading to affiliations with important groups external to the family. This paper extrapolates from Fairbairn's ideas about schizoid character, which is an interpersonal experience, to group experiences in a family and with identity groups. Fairbairn's notions about the unavoidable activation of schizoid processes may help us understand what makes the outsider experience so pervasive.
局外人现象是一种与归属感需求相关的存在主义病理学。它是一种具有发展基础的群体相关体验。W.R.D.费尔贝恩（W. R. D. Fairbairn）（1952 年）是最早系统挑战弗洛伊德理论的精神分析学家之一，他将人类体验定位在社会关系中。费尔贝恩（Fairbairn）（1935 年）认为，家庭是第一个社会群体，导致与家庭之外的重要群体建立联系。本文从费尔贝恩关于分裂性格的观点推断而来，分裂性格是一种人际体验，扩展到家庭和身份群体中的群体体验。费尔贝恩关于不可避免地激活分裂过程的概念可能有助于我们理解是什么使局外人的体验如此普遍。
