Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024 Mar 4;15:1361466. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1361466. eCollection 2024.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an important but frequently overlooked risk factor for hypertension (HTN). The prevalence of hypertension is high in patients with OSA, but the differences in clinical symptoms and comorbidities between patients with OSA with hypertension and those with normal blood pressure have not been fully defined.
This study retrospectively analyzed OSA patients diagnosed for the first time in Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University from 2016 to 2020. Patients were divided into an OSA group with hypertension and an OSA group without hypertension. The sociodemographic information, clinical symptoms, comorbidities, and polysomnography results of the two groups were compared. The independent risk factors associated with hypertension in patients with OSA were explored.
A total of 1108 patients with OSA initially diagnosed were included in the study, including 387 with hypertension and 721 without. Compared with OSA patients without hypertension, OSA patients with hypertension were older; had a higher body mass index (BMI) and Epworth sleepiness score (ESS); a higher incidence of nocturia; and a higher proportion of diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease. Multivariate analysis showed age (odds ratio [OR]:1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.04-1.08), BMI (OR:1.17, 95% CI:1.11-1.23), ESS score (OR:0.97, 95%CI: 0.94-1.00) and nocturia symptoms (OR:1.64, 95% CI:1.19-2.27) was independently associated with hypertension in OSA patients, and comorbid diabetes (OR: 3.86, 95% CI: 2.31-6.45), coronary heart disease (OR: 1.90, 95% CI:1.15-3.16), and ischemic stroke (OR: 3.69,95% CI:1.31-10.40) was independently associated with hypertension in OSA patients.
Compared to OSA patients with normal blood pressure, OSA patients with hypertension had more significant daytime sleepiness, more frequent nocturnal urination, and a higher risk of diabetes, coronary heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease.
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）是高血压（HTN）的一个重要但常被忽视的危险因素。OSA 患者中高血压的患病率较高，但 OSA 合并高血压患者与血压正常的 OSA 患者在临床症状和合并症方面的差异尚未完全明确。
本研究回顾性分析了 2016 年至 2020 年期间在宁波大学附属李惠利医院首次诊断为 OSA 的患者。患者分为 OSA 合并高血压组和 OSA 无高血压组。比较两组患者的社会人口学信息、临床症状、合并症和多导睡眠图结果。探讨与 OSA 患者高血压相关的独立危险因素。
本研究共纳入 1108 例初诊 OSA 患者，其中 387 例合并高血压，721 例无高血压。与 OSA 无高血压患者相比，OSA 合并高血压患者年龄更大；体质量指数（BMI）和 Epworth 嗜睡评分（ESS）更高；夜尿症发生率更高；糖尿病、冠心病和脑血管病的比例更高。多因素分析显示年龄（比值比[OR]：1.06，95%置信区间[CI]：1.04-1.08）、BMI（OR：1.17，95%CI：1.11-1.23）、ESS 评分（OR：0.97，95%CI：0.94-1.00）和夜尿症症状（OR：1.64，95%CI：1.19-2.27）与 OSA 患者的高血压独立相关，合并糖尿病（OR：3.86，95%CI：2.31-6.45）、冠心病（OR：1.90，95%CI：1.15-3.16）和缺血性脑卒中（OR：3.69，95%CI：1.31-10.40）与 OSA 患者的高血压独立相关。
与血压正常的 OSA 患者相比，OSA 合并高血压患者日间嗜睡更明显，夜间夜尿更频繁，且糖尿病、冠心病和脑血管病的风险更高。
