Jiang Lan, Zhang Lili, Xia Jiayue, Cheng Lei, Chen Guoxun, Wang Jin, Raghavan Vijaya
Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Clinical Allergy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Nutr Rev. 2025 Feb 1;83(2):e25-e41. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae024.
Probiotics show promise in preventing and managing food allergies, but the impact of supplementation during pregnancy or infancy on children's allergies and gut microbiota remains unclear.
This study aimed to assess the effects of maternal or infant probiotic supplementation on food allergy risk and explore the role of gut microbiota.
A systematic search of databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Medline) identified 37 relevant studies until May 20, 2023.
Two independent reviewers extracted data, including probiotics intervention details, gut microbiota analysis, and food allergy information.
Probiotics supplementation during pregnancy and infancy reduced the risk of total food allergy (relative risk [RR], 0.79; 95% CI, 0.63-0.99), cow-milk allergy (RR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.29-0.88), and egg allergy (RR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.39-0.84). Infancy-only supplementation lowered cow-milk allergy risk (RR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.49-0.96), while pregnancy-only had no discernible effect. Benefits were observed with over 2 probiotic species, and a daily increase of 1.8 × 109 colony-forming units during pregnancy and infancy correlated with a 4% reduction in food allergy risk. Children with food allergies had distinct gut microbiota profiles, evolving with age.
Probiotics supplementation during pregnancy and infancy reduces food allergy risk and correlates with age-related changes in gut microbial composition in children.
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023425988.
益生菌在预防和管理食物过敏方面显示出前景，但孕期或婴儿期补充益生菌对儿童过敏和肠道微生物群的影响仍不明确。
本研究旨在评估母体或婴儿补充益生菌对食物过敏风险的影响，并探讨肠道微生物群的作用。
对数据库（PubMed、Cochrane图书馆、Embase和Medline）进行系统检索，截至2023年5月20日共识别出37项相关研究。
两名独立评审员提取数据，包括益生菌干预细节、肠道微生物群分析和食物过敏信息。
孕期和婴儿期补充益生菌降低了总体食物过敏风险（相对风险[RR]，0.79；95%置信区间[CI]，0.63 - 0.99）、牛奶过敏风险（RR，0.51；95%CI，0.29 - 0.88）和鸡蛋过敏风险（RR，0.57；95%CI，0.39 - 0.84）。仅在婴儿期补充可降低牛奶过敏风险（RR，0.69；95%CI，0.49 - 0.96），而仅在孕期补充则无明显效果。使用超过2种益生菌菌株可观察到益处，孕期和婴儿期每日增加1.8×10⁹菌落形成单位与食物过敏风险降低4%相关。患有食物过敏的儿童具有独特的肠道微生物群特征，并随年龄变化。
孕期和婴儿期补充益生菌可降低食物过敏风险，并与儿童肠道微生物组成的年龄相关变化有关。
PROSPERO注册号CRD42023425988。
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