中国上海老年护理机构老年人口腔健康促进项目的可行性：实施前后研究。

Feasibility of an oral health promotion program among older people in geriatric care facilities, Shanghai, China: a pre/post-implementation study.

机构信息

Department of Neurology, NO. 905 Hospital of PLA Navy, Naval Medical University, 1328 Huashan Road, 200052, Shanghai, China.

Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geriatric Long-term Care, Shanghai, China.

出版信息

BMC Geriatr. 2024 Mar 19;24(1):272. doi: 10.1186/s12877-024-04870-0.

DOI:10.1186/s12877-024-04870-0

PMID:38504192

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10953076/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The oral health of older people is closely related to their overall health. Timely and effective intervention in oral issues is necessary to maintain their overall health. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of an Oral Health Promotion Program (OHPP) in Geriatric Care Facilities (GCFs).

METHODS

The OHPP was implemented in two GCFs and evaluated using a pre/post-design. Questionnaires on self-efficacy and attitude for providing oral care were sent to 42 nurse participants before and three months after the implementation of the OHPP. Outcomes of 295 patient participants were assessed at four time points (T1-baseline, T2-one month, T3-two months, and T4-three months post-implementation) including Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT).

RESULTS

The oral health and daily activity ability of patient participants showed an improving trend at four time points pre/post-implementation of the OHPP. The proportion of patients with healthy mouths (OHAT: 0-3 points) increased from 29.8 to 67.8% and their scores of OHAT and ADL were significantly better at T4 compared to T1, T2, and T3 (p < 0.001). Self-efficacy (SE-PMC: T1 = 18.93 ± 3.18, T4 = 28.83 ± 6.56, p < 0.001) and attitude (A-PMC: T1 = 18.78 ± 3.09, T4 = 28.20 ± 6.03, p < 0.001) for oral care among nurse participants improved after the implementation of the OHPP.

CONCLUSIONS

This study highlights the feasibility of implementing OHPP within GCFs, potentially enhancing the oral health and daily living activities of older individuals. Integrating the OHPP into routine care in geriatric settings is not only practical but also widely acceptable, offering a proactive approach to address oral health disparities among older residents. Stakeholders can maximize the impact of the OHPP by fostering collaboration among healthcare professionals, administrators, and residents, ultimately improving oral health outcomes and overall quality of life of older residents.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

ChiCTR2000035236 (registration date: 04/08/2020).

摘要

背景

老年人的口腔健康与其整体健康密切相关。及时有效地干预口腔问题对于维护他们的整体健康至关重要。本研究旨在评估老年保健机构（GCF）中口腔健康促进计划（OHPP）的可行性和效果。

方法

在两个 GCF 中实施 OHPP，并采用预-后设计进行评估。在实施 OHPP 前和实施后三个月，向 42 名护士参与者发送自我效能感和提供口腔护理态度的问卷。在四个时间点（T1-基线、T2-一个月、T3-两个月和 T4-三个月后）评估 295 名患者参与者的结果，包括日常生活活动（ADL）、简易精神状态检查（MMSE）和口腔健康评估工具（OHAT）。

结果

OHPP 实施前后，患者参与者的口腔健康和日常活动能力呈上升趋势。口腔健康良好（OHAT：0-3 分）的患者比例从 29.8%增加到 67.8%，他们在 T4 时的 OHAT 和 ADL 评分明显优于 T1、T2 和 T3（p<0.001）。护士参与者的自我效能感（SE-PMC：T1=18.93±3.18，T4=28.83±6.56，p<0.001）和态度（A-PMC：T1=18.78±3.09，T4=28.20±6.03，p<0.001）在 OHPP 实施后有所提高。

结论

本研究强调了在 GCF 中实施 OHPP 的可行性，可能会提高老年人的口腔健康和日常生活活动能力。将 OHPP 纳入老年保健机构的常规护理不仅切实可行，而且广泛可接受，为解决老年居民的口腔健康差距提供了积极主动的方法。利益相关者可以通过促进医疗保健专业人员、管理人员和居民之间的合作，最大限度地发挥 OHPP 的影响，最终改善老年居民的口腔健康结果和整体生活质量。