Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
Medical Mycology and Bacteriology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 76169-13555 Kerman, Iran.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 May;266(Pt 1):130986. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130986. Epub 2024 Mar 18.
Laccases play a crucial role in neutralizing environmental pollutants, including antibiotics and phenolic compounds, by converting them into less harmful substances via a unique oxidation process. This study introduces an environmentally sustainable remediation technique, utilizing NiO nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized through green chemistry to immobilize a metagenome-derived laccase, PersiLac1, enhancing its application in pollutant detoxification. Salvadora persica leaf extract was used for the synthesis of NiO nanoparticles, utilizing its phytochemical constituents as reducing and capping agents, followed by characterization through different analyses. Characterization of NiO nanoparticles revealed distinctive FTIR absorption peaks indicating the nanoparticulate structure, while FESEM showed structured NiO with robust interconnections and dimensionality of about 50nm, confirmed by EDX analysis to have a consistent distribution of Ni and O. The immobilized PersiLac1 demonstrated enhanced thermal stability, with 85.55 % activity at 80 °C and reduced enzyme leaching, retaining 67.93 % activity across 15 biocatalytic cycles. It efficiently reduced rice straw (RS) phenol by 67.97 % within 210 min and degraded 70-78 % of tetracycline (TC) across a wide pH range (4.0-8.0), showing superior performance over the free enzyme. Immobilized laccase achieved up to 71 % TC removal at 40-80 °C, significantly outperforming the free enzyme. Notably, 54 % efficiency was achieved at 500 mg/L TC by immobilized laccase at 120 min. This research showed the potential of green-synthesized NiO nanoparticles to effectively immobilize laccase, presenting an eco-friendly approach to purify pollutants such as phenols and antibiotics. The durability and reusability of the immobilized enzyme, coupled with its ability to reduce pollutants, indicates a viable method for cleaning the environment. Nonetheless, the production costs and scalability of NiO nanoparticles for widespread industrial applications pose significant challenges. Future studies should focus on implementation at an industrial level and examine a wider range of pollutants to fully leverage the environmental clean-up capabilities of this innovative technology.
漆酶在中和环境污染物方面发挥着至关重要的作用，包括抗生素和酚类化合物，通过独特的氧化过程将它们转化为危害较小的物质。本研究引入了一种环境可持续的修复技术，利用通过绿色化学合成的 NiO 纳米粒子（NPs）来固定一种来源于宏基因组的漆酶 PersiLac1，以增强其在污染物解毒中的应用。利用萨尔瓦多相思叶的植物化学成分作为还原剂和封端剂来合成 NiO 纳米粒子，然后通过不同的分析进行表征。NiO 纳米粒子的表征显示出独特的 FTIR 吸收峰，表明其具有纳米颗粒结构，而 FESEM 显示出具有强连接性和约 50nm 尺寸的结构化 NiO，EDX 分析表明 Ni 和 O 的分布一致。固定化的 PersiLac1 表现出增强的热稳定性，在 80°C 时具有 85.55%的活性，并且酶浸出减少，在 15 个生物催化循环中保留 67.93%的活性。它在 210 分钟内有效地将稻草（RS）苯酚减少了 67.97%，并在很宽的 pH 范围（4.0-8.0）内降解了 70-78%的四环素（TC），其性能优于游离酶。固定化漆酶在 40-80°C 时可达到高达 71%的 TC 去除率，明显优于游离酶。值得注意的是，固定化漆酶在 120 分钟时在 500mg/L TC 下达到 54%的效率。本研究表明，绿色合成的 NiO 纳米粒子具有有效固定漆酶的潜力，为酚类和抗生素等污染物的净化提供了一种环保的方法。固定化酶的耐用性和可重复使用性，以及其降低污染物的能力，表明这是一种可行的清洁环境的方法。然而，NiO 纳米粒子的生产成本和可扩展性对广泛的工业应用构成了重大挑战。未来的研究应侧重于在工业层面实施，并研究更广泛的污染物，以充分利用这项创新技术的环境清理能力。
