Wang Guangrong, Li Jianbiao, Wang Wenhua, Wang Yue, Wang Jiafeng
Neural Decision Science Laboratory, School of Economics and Management, Weifang University, Weifang, China.
School of Economics, Institute for Study of Brain-like Economics, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
Front Psychol. 2024 Mar 6;15:1277707. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1277707. eCollection 2024.
This study examines the relationship between the variance of others' contributions, social norms (empirical and normative expectations), and cooperative behavior using a classic linear public goods game. The following results are observed. First, the variance of a participant's group members' contributions had a negative impact on their contributions, empirical expectations, and normative expectations. Second, deviations from the mean, whether negative or positive, were deemed less socially appropriate. Third, while there was a strong relationship between variance, social norms, and cooperative behavior, the mediating effect of social norms was found to be insignificant. Finally, there were some notable findings regarding behavior type. Although free riders and cooperators exhibited distinct behavioral patterns, their normative expectations were similar. Free riders expected others to cooperate, but their empirical expectations were significantly lower than cooperators' expectations, which were aligned with their actual contributions. These findings contribute to research on the relationship between distribution heterogeneity, social norms and cooperative behavior. Furthermore, these findings provide valuable insights into management practices.
本研究使用经典的线性公共物品博弈来考察他人贡献的方差、社会规范（经验性和规范性期望）与合作行为之间的关系。观察到以下结果。首先，参与者所在组内成员贡献的方差对其自身的贡献、经验性期望和规范性期望产生了负面影响。其次，与均值的偏差，无论是负向还是正向，都被认为在社会层面上不太合适。第三，虽然方差、社会规范和合作行为之间存在很强的关系，但社会规范的中介作用被发现不显著。最后，关于行为类型有一些值得注意的发现。尽管搭便车者和合作者表现出不同的行为模式，但他们的规范性期望是相似的。搭便车者期望他人合作，但其经验性期望显著低于合作者的期望，而合作者的期望与他们的实际贡献相符。这些发现有助于对分配异质性、社会规范和合作行为之间关系的研究。此外，这些发现为管理实践提供了有价值的见解。
