Torres Georgia, Gordon Neil F, Constantinou Demitri
Centre for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Science, Johannesburg, South Africa GT,NG,DC and INTERVENT International, LLC, Medical and Science Office, Savannah, GA, USA NG and International Federation of Sports Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland GT,DC.
Am J Lifestyle Med. 2022 May 23;17(6):791-798. doi: 10.1177/15598276221089888. eCollection 2023 Nov-Dec.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors have been associated with CVD mortality, and physicians use CVD risk factor profiles (smoking, dyslipidemia, hypertension, etc.) to address patient health. Furthermore, cardio-respiratory fitness (CRF) has been shown to be an independent risk factor for CVD and all-cause mortality. Cardio-respiratory fitness is also the risk factor that contributes the highest percentage to all-cause deaths when compared to other traditional risk factors. In addition, studies have reported that adding CRF to established CVD risk factors improves the precision of prediction for CVD morbidity and mortality. Medical students tend to adopt sedentary and unhealthy lifestyles during the course of their education that negatively affect CVD risk factors and CRF. The majority of research on CVD risk, health status and lifestyle factors of medical students has used self-reported data and questionnaires for CVD risk factors and not included CRF in the health status measurements. In addition, studies have found that future medical doctors' own health and lifestyle practices influence their counselling activities. Allowing future medical doctors to assess their personal CVD risk factors and CRF may thus be important in their use of physical activity counselling with patients' lifestyle management for health benefits and improvement. A descriptive, cross-sectional cohort study design was used with the aim to determine CVD risk factors using CRF measures and physical activity levels in a cohort of South African medical students. The most significant finding was that they were not meeting the PA levels recommended to maintain health and lower CVD risk.
心血管疾病（CVD）风险因素与CVD死亡率相关，医生利用CVD风险因素概况（吸烟、血脂异常、高血压等）来关注患者健康。此外，心肺适能（CRF）已被证明是CVD和全因死亡率的独立风险因素。与其他传统风险因素相比，心肺适能也是对全因死亡贡献率最高的风险因素。此外，研究报告称，在已确定的CVD风险因素中加入CRF可提高对CVD发病率和死亡率预测的准确性。医学生在其教育过程中往往采取久坐不动和不健康的生活方式，这对CVD风险因素和CRF产生负面影响。关于医学生CVD风险、健康状况和生活方式因素的大多数研究使用的是自我报告数据以及针对CVD风险因素的问卷，并且在健康状况测量中未纳入CRF。此外，研究发现，未来医生自身的健康和生活方式行为会影响他们的咨询活动。因此，让未来医生评估自己的个人CVD风险因素和CRF，对于他们在患者生活方式管理中运用体育活动咨询以促进健康益处和改善健康状况可能很重要。本研究采用描述性横断面队列研究设计，旨在通过CRF测量和身体活动水平来确定一组南非医学生中的CVD风险因素。最显著的发现是，他们未达到为维持健康和降低CVD风险所建议的身体活动水平。
