Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
PLoS One. 2024 Mar 21;19(3):e0286245. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286245. eCollection 2024.
Nurses as the largest group of health workers have a very stressful job which can cause number of diseases specially increase cardiovascular risk factors. This study aims to investigate the overall epidemiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among nurses.
We searched all four main databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Embase and Web of Sciences from the beginning of 2000 to March 2022 with appropriate Mesh Terms. We also searched Google scholar. Then we applied inclusion and exclusion criteria and after selection the studies the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the methodological quality of included studies. Comprehensive Meta-analysis and R software was used for analysis.
Finally, 22 articles with a total number of 117922 nurses were included. Among all risk factors, sedentary lifestyle and lack of regular physical activity with a prevalence of 46.3% (CI 95%, 26.6-67.2) was regarded as the main prevalent risk factor among nurses. The mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) measured in the study population was 121.31 (CI 95%, 114.73-127.90) and the mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 78.08 (CI 95%, 74.90-81.25). Also family history of cardiovascular disease (41.9%; 95% IC: 29.8-55.1%), being overweight (33.3%; 95% IC: 24.7-43.2%), and alcohol consumption (24.6%; 95% IC: 16.4-35.2%) was found among the participants.
Study results revealed that sedentary lifestyle was the main prevalent CVD risk factor among nurses followed by family history of cardiovascular disease, being overweight and alcohol consumption. Furthermore, among nurses with shift works almost all risk factors got higher score representing the worse condition in comparison with day workers' nurses. This study enables learning the associated risk factors of CVD among nurses to facilitate interventional programs with a view to reduce the exposure of nursing staff particularly those who work in shifts to cardiovascular risk factors.
WHAT WAS ALREADY KNOWN?: In general, many studies have emphasized the impact of the nursing profession on the incidence of some cardiovascular patients. Also, different shifts of nurses can have a double effect.
WHAT ARE THE NEW FINDINGS?: In this study, the mean for sedentary lifestyle was reported to be 46.3% which represented the most prevalent risk factor for cardiovascular risk factors among study population.
WHAT IS THEIR SIGNIFICANCE?: This study enables learning the associated risk factors of CVD among nurses to facilitate interventional programs with a view to reduce the exposure of nursing staff particularly those who work in shifts to cardiovascular risk factors. This information can comprise essential tools for health human resource management contributing to advance nursing.
护士作为最大的卫生工作者群体，工作压力非常大，这会导致许多疾病，特别是增加心血管危险因素。本研究旨在调查护士人群中心血管疾病（CVD）危险因素的总体流行病学情况。
我们从 2000 年初开始在四个主要数据库（Scopus、PubMed、Embase 和 Web of Sciences）中进行了搜索，并使用了适当的 Mesh 术语。我们还在 Google Scholar 上进行了搜索。然后，我们应用了纳入和排除标准，并在选择研究后，使用 Newcastle-Ottawa 量表（NOS）评估纳入研究的方法学质量。使用 Comprehensive Meta-analysis 和 R 软件进行分析。
最终，共有 22 篇文章纳入了 117922 名护士。在所有危险因素中，久坐不动的生活方式和缺乏规律的体育锻炼是护士中最主要的流行危险因素，其患病率为 46.3%（95%CI，26.6-67.2）。研究人群中平均收缩压（SBP）为 121.31（95%CI，114.73-127.90），平均舒张压（DBP）为 78.08（95%CI，74.90-81.25）。参与者中还存在心血管疾病家族史（41.9%；95%IC：29.8-55.1%）、超重（33.3%；95%IC：24.7-43.2%）和饮酒（24.6%；95%IC：16.4-35.2%）。
研究结果表明，久坐不动的生活方式是护士中最主要的流行 CVD 危险因素，其次是心血管疾病家族史、超重和饮酒。此外，轮班护士的几乎所有危险因素评分都较高，这表明他们的情况比白班护士更差。本研究使我们了解了护士中与 CVD 相关的危险因素，有助于实施干预计划，以减少护理人员，特别是轮班人员暴露于心血管危险因素的风险。
已知内容：一般来说，许多研究都强调了护理职业对某些心血管患者发病率的影响。此外，护士的不同轮班也会产生双重影响。
新发现：在这项研究中，报告的久坐不动生活方式的平均值为 46.3%，这是研究人群中心血管危险因素的最主要流行因素。
意义：本研究使我们了解了护士中与 CVD 相关的危险因素，有助于实施干预计划，以减少护理人员，特别是轮班人员暴露于心血管危险因素的风险。这些信息可以为卫生人力资源管理提供重要工具，有助于推动护理事业的发展。
