Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510430, PR China.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 May 20;926:171799. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171799. Epub 2024 Mar 19.
Parabens and triclocarban are widely applied as antimicrobial preservatives in foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and personal care products. However, few studies have been conducted on large-scale biomonitoring of parabens and triclocarban in the Chinese general population. In the present study, there were 1157 urine samples collected from 26 Chinese provincial capitals for parabens and triclocarban measurement to evaluate the exposure levels, spatial distribution, and influencing factors, as well as associated health risks in the Chinese population. The median concentrations of Σparabens and triclocarban were 14.0 and 0.03 μg/L, respectively. Methyl paraben was the predominant compound. Subjects in western China were more exposed to parabens, possibly due to climate differences resulting in higher consumption of personal care products. Subjects who were female, aged 18-44 years, or had a higher education level were found to have higher paraben concentrations. The frequency of drinking bottled water was positively associated with paraben exposure. The assessment of health risk based on urinary paraben concentrations indicated that 0.8 % of the subjects had a hazard index exceeding one unit, while Monte Carlo analysis suggested that 3.6 % of the Chinese population exposure to parabens had a potential non-carcinogenic risk. This large-scale biomonitoring study will help to understand the exposure levels of parabens and triclocarban in the Chinese general population and provide supporting information for government decision-making.
对羟基苯甲酸酯和三氯卡班作为抗菌防腐剂，广泛应用于食品、药品、化妆品和个人护理产品中。然而，针对中国普通人群中对羟基苯甲酸酯和三氯卡班的大规模生物监测研究较少。本研究采集了来自中国 26 个省会城市的 1157 份尿液样本，用于测量对羟基苯甲酸酯和三氯卡班，以评估其在中国人群中的暴露水平、空间分布、影响因素以及相关健康风险。Σ对羟基苯甲酸酯和三氯卡班的中位数浓度分别为 14.0 和 0.03μg/L，其中以甲基对羟基苯甲酸酯为主。中国西部地区人群接触对羟基苯甲酸酯的情况更为严重，这可能是由于气候差异导致个人护理产品消费较高所致。女性、18-44 岁以及教育程度较高的人群体内的对羟基苯甲酸酯浓度更高。饮用瓶装水的频率与对羟基苯甲酸酯的暴露呈正相关。基于尿液中对羟基苯甲酸酯浓度的健康风险评估显示，有 0.8%的研究对象的危害指数超过 1 单位，而蒙特卡罗分析表明，有 3.6%的中国人群接触对羟基苯甲酸酯存在潜在的非致癌风险。这项大规模的生物监测研究将有助于了解中国普通人群中对羟基苯甲酸酯和三氯卡班的暴露水平，并为政府决策提供支持信息。
