Wöhner Stefan, Mädebach Andreas, Schriefers Herbert, Jescheniak Jörg D
Wilhelm Wundt Institute for Psychology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
Department of Translation and Language Sciences, Unversitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2025 Apr;78(4):672-684. doi: 10.1177/17470218241245107. Epub 2024 Apr 16.
Naming a picture (e.g., "duck") in the context of semantically related pictures (e.g., "eagle," "stork," "parrot") takes longer than naming it in the context of unrelated pictures (e.g., "knave," "toast," "atlas"). Adaptive models of word production attribute this semantic interference effect in blocked-cyclic naming (BCN) to an adaptive mechanism that makes competitor words, (e.g., the semantically related word "eagle" for the target word "duck") which are activated but not selected for production, less accessible for future retrieval. Results from a recent picture-word-interference study, however, suggested that alternative names (e.g., "bird" for "duck") might be exempt from this mechanism, challenging adaptive lexical processing as a general mechanism. We tested whether converging evidence is obtained in BCN. In Experiment 1, we embedded pictures responded to with alternative (category) names (e.g., "bird") into contexts composed of pictures responded to with specific (exemplar) names (e.g., "duck," "eagle," "stork," and "parrot"). If alternative names are exempt from adaptive lexical processing, interference in the homogeneous context should be found for specific name items but not for alternative name items. In contrast to this prediction, there was similar-sized interference for both types of items. In Experiment 2, we replaced the alternative name items with unrelated items. For these items, interference was largely diminished, ruling out that the effect found in Experiment 1 is a general set effect. Overall, our data suggest that alternative names are not special with respect to adaptive lexical processing.
在语义相关图片（如“鹰”“鹳”“鹦鹉”）的情境中为图片命名（如“鸭子”），比在不相关图片（如“无赖”“吐司”“地图集”）的情境中命名花费的时间更长。词汇生成的自适应模型将这种在分组循环命名（BCN）中的语义干扰效应归因于一种自适应机制，该机制使那些被激活但未被选择用于生成的竞争词（例如，与目标词“鸭子”语义相关的词“鹰”）在未来检索时更难被访问。然而，最近一项图片 - 单词干扰研究的结果表明，替代名称（例如，“鸟”作为“鸭子”的替代名称）可能不受此机制影响，这对作为一种通用机制的自适应词汇处理提出了挑战。我们测试了在BCN中是否能获得趋同证据。在实验1中，我们将用替代（类别）名称（如“鸟”）回应的图片嵌入到由用特定（示例）名称（如“鸭子”“鹰”“鹳”和“鹦鹉”）回应的图片组成的情境中。如果替代名称不受自适应词汇处理的影响，那么在同质性情境中，应该会发现特定名称项目存在干扰，而替代名称项目则不存在干扰。与这一预测相反，两种类型的项目都存在相似程度的干扰。在实验2中，我们用不相关项目替换了替代名称项目。对于这些项目，干扰大幅减少，排除了实验1中发现的效应是一种通用的定势效应的可能性。总体而言，我们的数据表明，在自适应词汇处理方面，替代名称并无特殊之处。
