Zolnikov Tara Rava, Guerra Jose Luis, Furio Frances, Dennis Jessica, Ortega Carolyn
California Southern University, School of Behavioral Sciences, Costa Mesa, CA, United States of America.
National University, Department of Community Health, San Diego, CA, United States of America.
Dialogues Health. 2023 Feb 9;2:100112. doi: 10.1016/j.dialog.2023.100112. eCollection 2023 Dec.
Women from Latin American countries experience high levels of psychological and physical abuse and violence. Immigrant Latina women are often subjected to a patriarchal system in both family and government, which has resulted in a variety of complex and far-reaching outcomes. This qualitative study sought to understand the experiences of immigrant Latina women who were exposed to violence, as well as their access to mental health care. This study used 20 interviews with immigrant Latina women from El Salvador, Guatemala, and Mexico who had accessed mental health services in California. The primary themes that emerged from analysis of the data included motivating factors for seeking services (e.g., motherhood, community, hope, and mental health needs), barriers to accessing services (e.g., fatalism, marianismo, stigma, finances, language barriers, threats, abuse, and systemic insensitivity), and treatment and solutions (e.g., empathy, advocacy, and community approaches). These results appeared to be indicative of the importance of addressing sociopolitical, historical, and cultural trauma as an imperative component of effective treatment. In this context, the authors explore liberation psychology, a concept and approach that promotes social justice values and emphasizes the empowerment of immigrant Latina women in clinical practice. It is recommended that the historical sociocultural abuse of immigrant Latina women be thoughtfully considered and discussed in the therapeutic process to create lasting psychological change. Future research, policy efforts, and program development, including psychotherapeutic treatment modalities, should focus specifically on marginalized groups facing barriers to mental health care in order to increase access and effectiveness of treatment.
来自拉丁美洲国家的女性遭受着高水平的心理和身体虐待及暴力。拉丁裔移民女性在家庭和政府中往往都受制于父权制体系，这导致了各种复杂且影响深远的后果。这项定性研究旨在了解遭受暴力的拉丁裔移民女性的经历，以及她们获得心理健康护理的情况。该研究对20名来自萨尔瓦多、危地马拉和墨西哥且在加利福尼亚州获得过心理健康服务的拉丁裔移民女性进行了访谈。数据分析得出的主要主题包括寻求服务的动机因素（如母亲身份、社区、希望和心理健康需求）、获得服务的障碍（如宿命论、圣母崇拜、耻辱感、经济状况、语言障碍、威胁、虐待和系统的冷漠）以及治疗和解决方案（如同感、宣传和社区方法）。这些结果似乎表明，解决社会政治、历史和文化创伤作为有效治疗的必要组成部分具有重要意义。在此背景下，作者探讨了解放心理学，这是一种促进社会正义价值观并强调在临床实践中增强拉丁裔移民女性权能的概念和方法。建议在治疗过程中认真考虑和讨论拉丁裔移民女性遭受的历史社会文化虐待，以实现持久的心理改变。未来的研究、政策努力和项目开发，包括心理治疗方式，应特别关注面临心理健康护理障碍的边缘化群体，以增加治疗的可及性和有效性。
