Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Faculty of Medicine, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2024 Dec 31;20(1):2326779. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2326779. Epub 2024 Mar 22.
Despite the availability of school-based immunization programs (SBIPs) in Canada, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake remains suboptimal. Vaccine education may improve vaccine uptake among adolescents. The objective of this qualitative study was to identify opportunities for HPV vaccine education in British Columbia, Canada, by exploring the perspectives of students, parents, school staff, and public health nurses on the current SBIP. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with adult participants and focus groups were conducted with grade 6 students between November 2019 and May 2020. The interviews and focus groups were transcribed and then analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Opportunities for HPV vaccine education were identified in three themes: 1) making SBIPs student-centered; 2) adopting a collaborative and interdisciplinary approach to vaccine education; and 3) actualizing parent education opportunities. Broad support existed for a formal, collaborative HPV grade 6 vaccine curriculum delivered by teachers and public health nurses to provide evidence-based health information. Participants voiced that the curriculum should integrate students' perspectives on topics of interest and address needle associated pain and anxiety. Parents were identified as the primary vaccine decisionmakers, therefore, participants stated it was crucial to also provide parent-directed vaccine education as part of SBIP. Our findings support the development of a collaborative HPV vaccine curriculum directed to and informed by students and parents to buttress current SBIPs in British Columbia.
尽管加拿大有基于学校的免疫接种计划 (SBIP)，但人乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) 疫苗接种率仍不理想。疫苗教育可能会提高青少年对疫苗的接种率。本定性研究的目的是通过探讨学生、家长、学校工作人员和公共卫生护士对当前 SBIP 的看法，确定在加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省进行 HPV 疫苗教育的机会。2019 年 11 月至 2020 年 5 月期间，对成年参与者进行了个人半结构化访谈，并对 6 年级学生进行了焦点小组讨论。对访谈和焦点小组进行了转录，然后使用反思性主题分析进行了分析。在三个主题中确定了 HPV 疫苗教育的机会：1）使 SBIP 以学生为中心；2）采用协作和跨学科的疫苗教育方法；3）实现家长教育机会。广泛支持由教师和公共卫生护士提供的针对 HPV 年级 6 疫苗课程的正式协作，以提供基于证据的健康信息。参与者表示，课程应整合学生对感兴趣主题的观点，并解决与针相关的疼痛和焦虑问题。家长被确定为疫苗的主要决策者，因此，参与者表示，作为 SBIP 的一部分，提供针对家长的疫苗教育至关重要。我们的研究结果支持制定针对学生和家长的协作 HPV 疫苗课程，以支持不列颠哥伦比亚省当前的 SBIP。
