Pneumology Department, Alicante General University Hospital-Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010, Alicante, Spain.
Department of Health Psychology, University of Alicante, 03690, Alicante, Spain.
Sci Rep. 2024 Mar 22;14(1):6926. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-57603-z.
SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infection is still under study today, mainly because of its long-term effects. This study aims to analyse health status and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in survivors of coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) who have developed pulmonary sequelae. Prospective observational study of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia between February and May 2020. Reviews were conducted at 3 and 12 months after hospital discharge. HRQoL was assessed by administration of the SF-36 questionnaire and data related to medical records and physical examination were also collected. In addition, chest X-ray, computed tomography and pulmonary function test were included as additional tests. 305 patients were admitted for COVID-19 pneumonia of which 130 (42.6%) completed follow-up. The mean age of the enrolled group was 55.9 ± 15.9 years. The most prevalent persistent symptoms were dyspnea (37.3%) and asthenia (36.9%). Pulmonary sequelae were detected in 20.8% of participants. The most frequent alteration was ground ground glass opacities (GGO) (88.9%), with mild extension. Fibrotic changes were found in only 2% of cases. When comparing the two groups, at 3 and 12 months of evolution, lower scores in the vitality (VT) and mental health (MH) domains were found only in the group without sequelae. Days of hospitalisation and Charlson index acted as influential factors on HRQoL. Minimal or mild pulmonary sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 do not cause further deterioration of HRQoL. Repeated medical care and pulmonary rehabilitation are effective tools to improve HRQoL.
SARS-CoV-2 呼吸道感染至今仍在研究中，主要是因为其长期影响。本研究旨在分析患有冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）并出现肺部后遗症的幸存者的健康状况和健康相关生活质量（HRQoL）。这是一项针对 2020 年 2 月至 5 月期间被诊断为 COVID-19 肺炎的患者进行的前瞻性观察研究。在出院后 3 个月和 12 个月进行复查。通过 SF-36 问卷评估 HRQoL，并收集与病历和体检相关的数据。此外，还包括胸部 X 线、计算机断层扫描和肺功能测试作为附加检查。共收治 305 例 COVID-19 肺炎患者，其中 130 例（42.6%）完成了随访。入组患者的平均年龄为 55.9±15.9 岁。最常见的持续症状是呼吸困难（37.3%）和乏力（36.9%）。20.8%的参与者发现有肺部后遗症。最常见的改变是磨玻璃影（GGO）（88.9%），轻度扩展。仅在 2%的病例中发现纤维化改变。在比较两组患者时，在随访的 3 个月和 12 个月时，只有无后遗症组在活力（VT）和心理健康（MH）领域的评分较低。住院天数和 Charlson 指数是 HRQoL 的影响因素。SARS-CoV-2 的轻微或轻度肺部后遗症不会导致 HRQoL 的进一步恶化。定期医疗护理和肺康复是改善 HRQoL 的有效手段。
