患有严重智力和多重残疾的幼儿的身体健康状况：这些状况的流行情况及关联。

Physical health conditions in young children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities: The prevalence and associations between these conditions.

机构信息

Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Health Psychology Research, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.

出版信息

Child Care Health Dev. 2024 Mar;50(2):e13252. doi: 10.1111/cch.13252.

DOI:10.1111/cch.13252

PMID:38520205

Abstract

BACKGROUND

It is thought that physical health conditions start at a young age in people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD). Knowledge regarding the prevalence, associations and development of these physical health conditions could be used for purposes of prevention as well as appropriate care and support but is currently lacking.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to gain insight into the prevalence of physical health conditions and associations between these conditions in young children with PIMD.

METHODS

The study used cross-sectional data related to the physical health conditions of children with PIMD (n = 51, aged between 12 and 61 months). Data were collected in Belgium and in the Netherlands through a checklist filled in by primary caregiver(s). Physical health conditions were classified into categories by the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) system. The number of physical health conditions and associations between them were analysed. The analysis focused on prevalence rates and associations represented by odds ratios (p < 0.05). A graphical model was estimated to represent dependencies and conditional dependencies between physical health conditions.

RESULTS

We found a mean of 3.8 (range 1-8, SD 1.9) physical health conditions per child. Most of the physical health conditions were found in the ICD-10 chapter 'Nervous System', with hypotonia as the most frequent at 70.6%. Five significant large associations were found between spasticity-contractures (OR 9.54); circulatory system-contractures (OR 7.50); scoliosis-contractures (OR 10.25); hearing impairments-skin problems (OR 58.20) and obstipation-hypotonia (OR 19.98).

CONCLUSION

This study shows that at a young age, multiple physical health conditions are present in children with PIMD. In addition, we found five associations between physical health conditions.

摘要

背景

人们认为，患有严重智力和多重残疾（PIMD）的人在年轻时就开始出现身体健康问题。了解这些身体健康问题的患病率、相关性和发展情况，既可以用于预防，也可以提供适当的护理和支持，但目前这方面的知识还很缺乏。

目的

本研究旨在深入了解患有 PIMD 的幼儿的身体健康状况的患病率以及这些状况之间的关联。

方法

本研究使用了横断面数据，涉及到 PIMD 儿童的身体健康状况（n=51，年龄在 12 至 61 个月之间）。这些数据是通过主要照顾者填写检查表的方式，在比利时和荷兰收集的。身体健康状况按照国际疾病分类第十次修订版（ICD-10）系统进行分类。分析了身体健康状况的数量以及它们之间的关联。分析重点关注患病率和由优势比（p<0.05）表示的关联。估计了一个图形模型，以表示身体健康状况之间的依赖关系和条件依赖关系。

结果

我们发现每个孩子平均有 3.8 种（范围 1-8，标准差 1.9）身体健康状况。大多数身体健康状况都出现在 ICD-10 第“神经系统”章中，其中以低张力最为常见，占 70.6%。发现了五个具有统计学意义的大关联，分别是痉挛性挛缩与挛缩（OR 9.54）；循环系统与挛缩（OR 7.50）；脊柱侧凸与挛缩（OR 10.25）；听力损伤与皮肤问题（OR 58.20）和便秘与低张力（OR 19.98）。