Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
Department of Urology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
World J Urol. 2024 Mar 23;42(1):188. doi: 10.1007/s00345-024-04910-9.
Artifacts from poor ureteroscopes' light design with shadowing and dark areas in the field of view have been reported. The aim was to quantify effects of light obstruction in a kidney calyx model.
We evaluated a series of contemporary flexible ureteroscopes including the Storz Flex-Xc and Flex-X2s, Olympus V3 and P7, Pusen 7.5F and 9.2F, as well as OTU Wiscope using an enclosed 3D-printed pink in vitro kidney calyx model submerged in saline, where the field of light was intentionally partially obstructed alternatively at 12, 3, 6, and 9 o'clock. A color spectrometer was used for illuminance measurements at a 45° opening position in the background of the model.
Overall and mean background illuminance for each obstructive situation were significantly different between scopes for both 50% and 100% brightness settings (ANOVA p < 0.001). At 50% brightness setting, almost all scopes had their highest and lowest background illuminance with the 6 o'clock and 3 o'clock obstructive situation, respectively. At 100% brightness setting, these became 6 o'clock and 12 o'clock obstructive situations. Considering each obstructive situation individually, the Flex-Xc was consistently the scope with highest background illuminance and the Pusen 7.5F the lowest. Background illuminance for each obstructive situation varied significantly for each scope individually, with the greatest range of variability for Pusen 7.5F and V3.
Illuminance performance of ureteroscopes within an obstructed calyx model differ significantly for various obstructive situations. Urologists should be aware of this to help guide their choice of ureteroscope.
据报道，由于输尿管镜的光线设计不佳，会出现阴影和视野中的暗区等伪影。目的是定量评估在肾盏模型中光线受阻的影响。
我们评估了一系列现代柔性输尿管镜，包括STORZ Flex-Xc 和 Flex-X2s、Olympus V3 和 P7、Pusen 7.5F 和 9.2F 以及 OTU Wiscope，使用一个封闭的 3D 打印粉色体外肾盏模型，该模型浸入盐水中，光线照射区域故意在 12、3、6 和 9 点处部分受阻。使用分光光度计在模型背景的 45°开口位置进行照度测量。
在 50%和 100%亮度设置下，对于每个阻塞情况，所有输尿管镜的总背景照度和平均背景照度均存在显著差异（ANOVA p < 0.001）。在 50%亮度设置下，几乎所有输尿管镜在 6 点和 3 点阻塞情况下具有最高和最低的背景照度。在 100%亮度设置下，这些情况变成了 6 点和 12 点阻塞情况。单独考虑每个阻塞情况，Flex-Xc 始终是背景照度最高的输尿管镜，而 Pusen 7.5F 则是背景照度最低的输尿管镜。对于每个阻塞情况，每个输尿管镜的背景照度差异很大，其中 Pusen 7.5F 和 V3 的变化范围最大。
在阻塞的肾盏模型中，各种阻塞情况下输尿管镜的照度性能存在显著差异。泌尿科医生应该意识到这一点，以帮助指导他们选择输尿管镜。
