Agyekum Ephraim Bonah, Khan Tahir, Dankwa Ampah Jeffrey, Giri Nimay Chandra, Fendzi Mbasso Wulfran, Kamel Salah
Department of Nuclear and Renewable Energy, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia Boris Yeltsin, 19 Mira Street, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia.
College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
Heliyon. 2024 Mar 13;10(6):e27771. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27771. eCollection 2024 Mar 30.
Marine renewable energy is regarded as a nascent renewable energy resource that is less utilized due to a number of challenges in the sector. This paper focused on using both traditional and bibliometric analysis approaches to review the marine energy industry. It also assessed the various opportunities and challenges in the sector beyond technological challenges using PESTEL analysis. The results from the study identified the availability of renewable energy targets, international and national greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction targets, job creation, skill transfer from offshore industries, renewable support, and low GHG emissions as the major opportunities for the sector. The challenges in the sector include the lack of commonality in device designs, high initial capital costs, lack of appropriate legal and regulatory frameworks, lack of funding, fragmentations in regulatory institutions, bad macro-economic indicators in some countries, environmental challenges, the survivability of the various technologies in the harsh oceanic environment, and strong competition from other renewable energy sources. The outcome of the bibliometric analysis spanning from 2013 to 2023 shows that tidal power is the focus of research in the field, and most studies are either focused on ways to improve its efficiency in terms of technology or on the identification of resource potentials for the siting of the various marine renewable power systems. Recommendations such as strong cooperation between the government and private sector, increased public education, collaboration with existing players in the marine sector, and increased research and development, among others, were proposed for the development of the sector.
海洋可再生能源被视为一种新兴的可再生能源资源，由于该领域存在诸多挑战，其利用率较低。本文着重运用传统分析方法和文献计量分析方法对海洋能源产业进行综述。同时，还运用PESTEL分析法评估了该领域除技术挑战之外的各种机遇和挑战。研究结果表明，可再生能源目标的可用性、国际和国家温室气体减排目标、就业创造、离岸产业的技能转移、可再生能源支持以及低温室气体排放是该领域的主要机遇。该领域的挑战包括设备设计缺乏通用性、初始资本成本高、缺乏适当的法律和监管框架、资金短缺、监管机构分散、一些国家宏观经济指标不佳、环境挑战、各种技术在恶劣海洋环境中的生存能力以及来自其他可再生能源的激烈竞争。2013年至2023年文献计量分析的结果表明，潮汐能是该领域的研究重点，大多数研究要么专注于从技术角度提高其效率的方法，要么专注于确定各种海洋可再生能源发电系统选址的资源潜力。针对该领域的发展，提出了政府与私营部门加强合作、加强公众教育、与海洋领域现有企业合作以及增加研发等建议。
