University School of Management Studies, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India.
BRAC Institute of Governance and Development, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
J Environ Manage. 2021 Nov 1;297:113316. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113316. Epub 2021 Jul 20.
Agriculture and the food system emit a considerable amount of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions in the atmosphere. Hence, current researchers, policymakers, and other stakeholders are calling for improving the environmental performance of agriculture. This study utilizes the countries of The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) to investigate the effect of agriculture value-added, pesticide use, renewable energy adoption, human capital, and economic growth on greenhouse gas emissions. The moderation effect of renewable energy use and human capital is also introduced to see whether they can offset agriculture's emissions in these BIMSTEC economies. Having reported a state-of-the-art literature review, the econometric procedure applies the second-generation unit root tests, panel cointegration and panel quantile regression for three preferred model specifications. The result from the Panel quantile regression method reveals a U-shaped relationship between agriculture value-added and greenhouse gas emissions, suggesting the significance of a small farming system. Human capital has a negative effect, whereas pesticide use has a positive effect on greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, the moderation effect of human capital and pesticide use suggests that human capital is not significant enough to offset the effect of pesticide use on the greenhouse gas emissions, whereas the interaction of renewable and pesticide use suggests that renewable energy adoption in the agriculture sector can mitigate the effect of pesticide use on GHG emissions. Finally, the conclusions of the study support the achievement of few sustainable development goals.
农业和食品系统向大气中排放了大量温室气体（GHG）排放。因此，当前的研究人员、政策制定者和其他利益相关者呼吁提高农业的环境绩效。本研究利用孟加拉湾多国倡议多部门技术和经济合作组织（BIMSTEC）的国家，研究农业附加值、农药使用、可再生能源采用、人力资本和经济增长对温室气体排放的影响。还引入了可再生能源使用和人力资本的调节效应，以观察它们是否可以抵消这些 BIMSTEC 经济体中农业的排放。在报告了最先进的文献综述之后，计量经济学程序采用了第二代单位根检验、面板协整和面板分位数回归，以选择三个首选模型规范。面板分位数回归方法的结果表明，农业附加值与温室气体排放之间存在 U 形关系，这表明小规模农业系统的重要性。人力资本具有负效应，而农药使用对温室气体排放具有正效应。此外，人力资本和农药使用的调节效应表明，人力资本不足以抵消农药使用对温室气体排放的影响，而可再生能源和农药使用的相互作用表明，农业部门采用可再生能源可以减轻农药使用对温室气体排放的影响。最后，研究的结论支持实现少数可持续发展目标。
