Tosarelli Filippo, Buckthorpe Matthew, Di Paolo Stefano, Grassi Alberto, Rodas Gil, Zaffagnini Stefano, Nanni Gianni, Della Villa Francesco
Education and Research Department, Isokinetic Medical Group, Bologna, Italy.
Faculty of Sport, Technology and Health Sciences, St Mary's University, Twickenham, London, UK.
Orthop J Sports Med. 2024 Mar 22;12(3):23259671241234880. doi: 10.1177/23259671241234880. eCollection 2024 Mar.
Improving our understanding of the situations and biomechanics that result in an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in basketball players may support the design of more effective programs to mitigate the risk of injury.
To (1) describe the mechanisms, situational patterns, and gross biomechanics (kinematics) of ACL injuries in professional basketball matches using video analysis and (2) document the distribution of ACL injuries according to player position, phase of the match, and location on the court.
Case series; Level of evidence, 4.
A total of 38 ACL injuries in professional male European basketball leagues from the 2013-2014 to 2019-2020 seasons were identified. There were 36 (95%) injury videos analyzed for injury mechanisms and situational patterns, while biomechanical analysis was possible in 32 cases. Overall, 3 independent reviewers evaluated each video. Data according to player position (n = 38), phase of the match (n = 38), and location on the court (n = 36) were evaluated.
More injuries occurred while attacking (n = 25 [69%]) than defending (n = 11 [31%]). There was 1 (3%) direct contact injury, 21 (58%) indirect contact injuries, and 14 (39%) noncontact injuries. Most injuries (83%) occurred during 3 main situations: offensive cut (n = 17 [47%]), landing from a jump (n = 8 [22%]), and defensive cut (n = 5 [14%]). Injuries generally involved knee flexion (with minimal hip/trunk flexion and reduced plantarflexion) in the sagittal plane and knee valgus loading in most cases (75%). A similar number of injuries occurred during the first (53%) and second (47%) halves of the match, with a higher prevalence in the second (37%) and fourth (34%) quarters. Half of the injuries occurred during the first 10 minutes of effective playing time. More injuries occurred in guards (58%), and 73% of all injuries occurred in the scoring zone.
Indirect contact was the main injury mechanism found in male professional basketball players. The offensive cut was the most common situational pattern. Biomechanical analysis confirmed a multiplanar mechanism, with knee loading in the sagittal plane accompanied by dynamic valgus. More injuries occurred in the first 10 minutes of a player's effective playing time, within the scoring zone, and among guards.
深入了解导致篮球运动员前交叉韧带（ACL）损伤的情况和生物力学，可能有助于设计更有效的方案来降低受伤风险。
（1）通过视频分析描述职业篮球比赛中ACL损伤的机制、情境模式和总体生物力学（运动学）；（2）记录根据球员位置、比赛阶段和球场位置的ACL损伤分布情况。
病例系列；证据等级，4级。
确定了2013 - 2014赛季至2019 - 2020赛季欧洲职业男子篮球联赛中的38例ACL损伤。对其中36例（95%）损伤视频进行了损伤机制和情境模式分析，32例可进行生物力学分析。总体而言，3名独立评审员评估每个视频。评估了根据球员位置（n = 38）、比赛阶段（n = 38）和球场位置（n = 36）的数据。
进攻时受伤（n = 25 [69%]）多于防守时（n = 11 [31%]）。有1例（3%）直接接触损伤，21例（58%）间接接触损伤，14例（39%）非接触损伤。大多数损伤（83%）发生在3种主要情况：进攻切入（n = 17 [47%]）、跳投落地（n = 8 [22%]）和防守切入（n = 5 [14%]）。损伤通常涉及矢状面的膝关节屈曲（髋关节/躯干屈曲最小且跖屈减少），大多数情况下伴有膝关节外翻负荷（75%）。比赛的上半场（53%）和下半场（47%）发生的损伤数量相似，其中第二节（37%）和第四节（34%）的发生率更高。一半的损伤发生在有效比赛时间的前10分钟。后卫受伤更多（58%），所有损伤的73%发生在得分区域。
间接接触是男性职业篮球运动员中发现的主要损伤机制。进攻切入是最常见的情境模式。生物力学分析证实了一种多平面机制，矢状面的膝关节负荷伴有动态外翻。球员有效比赛时间的前10分钟内、得分区域以及后卫中受伤更多。
