Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, YO10 5NG, UK.
Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
Environ Sci Process Impacts. 2024 Jun 19;26(6):975-990. doi: 10.1039/d3em00512g.
Indoor sources of air pollution, such as from cooking and cleaning, play a key role in indoor gas-phase chemistry. The focus of the impact of these activities on air quality tends to be indoors, with less attention given to the impact on air quality outside buildings. This study uses the INdoor CHEmical Model in Python (INCHEM-Py) and the Advanced Dispersion Modelling System (ADMS) to quantify the impact cooking and cleaning have on indoor and outdoor air quality for an idealised street of houses. INCHEM-Py has been developed to determine the concentrations of 106 indoor volatile organic compounds at the point they leave a building (defined as near-field concentrations). For a simulated 140 m long street with 10 equi-distant houses undertaking cooking and cleaning activities, the maximum downwind concentration of acetaldehyde increases from a background value of 0.1 ppb to 0.9 ppb post-cooking, whilst the maximum downwind chloroform concentrations increase from 1.2 to 6.2 ppt after cleaning. Although emissions to outdoors are higher when cooking and cleaning happen indoors, the contribution of these activities to total UK emissions of volatile organic compounds is low (less than 1%), and comprise about a quarter of those emitted from traffic across the UK. It is important to quantify these emissions, particularly as continued vehicle technology improvements lead to lower direct emissions outdoors, making indoor emissions relatively more important. Understanding how indoor pollution can affect outdoor environments, will allow better mitigation measures to be designed in the future that can take into account all sources of pollution that contribute to human exposure.
室内空气污染源，如烹饪和清洁，在室内气相化学中起着关键作用。这些活动对空气质量的影响的重点往往是在室内，而对建筑物外空气质量的影响关注较少。本研究使用 Python 中的室内化学模型（INCHEM-Py）和高级扩散建模系统（ADMS）来量化烹饪和清洁活动对理想化房屋街道的室内和室外空气质量的影响。INCHEM-Py 的开发目的是确定 106 种室内挥发性有机化合物在离开建筑物时（定义为近场浓度）的浓度。对于一个模拟的 140 米长的街道，有 10 个等距的房屋进行烹饪和清洁活动，在烹饪后，乙醛的最大下风浓度从背景值 0.1 ppb 增加到 0.9 ppb，而氯仿的最大下风浓度从 1.2 增加到 6.2 ppt 后清洁。尽管在室内烹饪和清洁时向室外排放的污染物更多，但这些活动对英国挥发性有机化合物总排放量的贡献较低（不到 1%），约占英国整个交通排放量的四分之一。量化这些排放物很重要，特别是由于持续的车辆技术改进导致室外直接排放物减少，使室内排放物相对更为重要。了解室内污染如何影响室外环境，可以设计出更好的缓解措施，以考虑到所有导致人类暴露的污染来源。
