Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China.
Second Dental Center, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, 100081, China.
Eur J Med Res. 2024 Mar 25;29(1):193. doi: 10.1186/s40001-024-01748-0.
Hyperspectral techniques have aroused great interest in non-invasively measuring periodontal tissue hemodynamics. However, current studies mainly focused on three typical inflammation stages (healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis) and practical approaches for using optical spectroscopy for early and precisely detection of periodontal inflammation at finer disease stages have not been well studied.
This study provided novel spectroscopic insights into periodontitis at different stages of disease, and developed six simple but physically meaning hemodynamic spectral indices (HSIs) including four spectral absorption depths of oxyhemoglobin ( ), deoxyhemoglobin ( ), total hemoglobin ( ) and tissue water ( ), and two normalized difference indices of oxyhemoglobin( ) and deoxyhemoglobin ( ) from continuum-removal spectra (400-1700 nm) of periodontal tissue collected from 47 systemically healthy subjects over different severities from healthy, gingivitis, slight, moderate to severe periodontitis for early and precision diagnostics of periodontitis. Typical statistical analyses were conducted to explore the effectiveness of the proposed HSIs.
and exerted significant increasing trends as inflammation progressed, whereas exhibited significant difference (P < 0.05) from the healthy sites only at moderate and severe periodontitis and presented unstable sensitives to disease severity. By contrast, and showed more steadily downward trends as severity increased, and demonstrated the highest correlations with clinical gold standard parameters. Particularly, the proposed normalized HSIs ( and ) yielded high correlations of - 0.49 and - 0.44 with probing depth, respectively, far outperforming results achieved by previous studies. The performances of the HSIs were also confirmed using the periodontal therapy group.
These results indicated great potentials of combination optical spectroscopy and smart devices to non-invasively probe periodontitis at earlier stages using the simple and practical HSIs. Trial registration This study was retrospectively registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on October 24, 2021, and the clinical registration number is ChiCTR2100052306.
高光谱技术在无创测量牙周组织血液动力学方面引起了极大的兴趣。然而，目前的研究主要集中在三个典型的炎症阶段（健康、牙龈炎和牙周炎），并且对于使用光学光谱技术在更精细的疾病阶段更早、更精确地检测牙周炎的实用方法尚未进行深入研究。
本研究提供了牙周炎在不同疾病阶段的新的光谱见解，并开发了六个简单但具有物理意义的血液动力学光谱指数（HSI），包括四个氧合血红蛋白（HbO 2 ）、脱氧血红蛋白（Hb）、总血红蛋白（HbT）和组织水（H 2 O）的光谱吸收深度，以及从 47 名系统健康受试者的牙周组织连续去除光谱（400-1700nm）中提取的两个归一化差指数（HbO 2 ）和脱氧血红蛋白（Hb），用于牙周炎的早期和精确诊断。进行了典型的统计分析来探索所提出的 HSI 的有效性。
随着炎症的进展，HbO 2 和HbT 呈现出显著的增加趋势，而H 2 O 仅在中度和重度牙周炎时与健康部位有显著差异（P<0.05），并且对疾病严重程度的敏感性不稳定。相比之下，HbO 2 和Hb 呈现出更稳定的下降趋势，与临床金标准参数具有最高的相关性。特别是，所提出的归一化 HSI（HbO 2 和Hb）与探诊深度的相关性分别为-0.49 和-0.44，远优于以前的研究结果。HSI 的性能也通过牙周治疗组得到了验证。
这些结果表明，结合光学光谱和智能设备，使用简单实用的 HSI 可以在早期阶段无创地探测牙周炎，具有很大的潜力。
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