Liu K Z, Xiang X M, Man A, Sowa M G, Cholakis A, Ghiabi E, Singer D L, Scott D A
Institute for Biodiagnostics, National Research Council of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
J Periodontal Res. 2009 Feb;44(1):117-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2008.01112.x. Epub 2008 Oct 7.
Visible, near-infrared (optical) spectroscopy can be used to measure regional tissue hemodynamics and edema and therefore may represent an ideal tool with which to study periodontal inflammation in a noninvasive manner. The study objective was to evaluate the ability of optical spectroscopy to determine simultaneously multiple inflammatory indices (tissue oxygenation, total tissue hemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, oxygenated hemoglobin and tissue edema) in periodontal tissues in vivo.
Spectra were obtained, processed and evaluated from healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis sites (n = 133) using a portable optical, near-infrared spectrometer. A modified Beer-Lambert unmixing model that incorporates a nonparametric scattering loss function was used to determine the relative contribution of each inflammatory component to the overall spectrum.
Optical spectroscopy was harnessed to generate complex inflammatory profiles of periodontal tissues. Tissue oxygenation at periodontitis sites was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) compared to sites with gingivitis and healthy controls. This was largely the result of an increase in deoxyhemoglobin in the periodontitis sites compared with healthy (p < 0.01) and gingivitis (p = 0.05) sites. Tissue water content per se showed no significant difference between the sites, but a water index associated with tissue electrolyte levels and temperature differed significantly between periodontitis sites and both healthy and gingivitis sites (p < 0.03).
This study established that optical spectroscopy can simultaneously determine multiple inflammatory indices directly in the periodontal tissues in vivo. Visible, near-infrared spectroscopy has the potential to be developed into a simple, reagent-free, user-friendly, chairside, site-specific, diagnostic and prognostic test for periodontitis.
可见近红外（光学）光谱可用于测量局部组织血流动力学和水肿情况，因此可能是一种用于无创研究牙周炎的理想工具。本研究目的是评估光学光谱法在体内同时测定牙周组织中多种炎症指标（组织氧合、组织总血红蛋白、脱氧血红蛋白、氧合血红蛋白和组织水肿）的能力。
使用便携式光学近红外光谱仪从健康、牙龈炎和牙周炎部位（n = 133）获取、处理并评估光谱。采用结合非参数散射损失函数的改良比尔-朗伯解混模型来确定每种炎症成分对整体光谱的相对贡献。
利用光学光谱法生成了牙周组织复杂的炎症图谱。与牙龈炎部位和健康对照相比，牙周炎部位的组织氧合显著降低（p < 0.05）。这主要是由于牙周炎部位的脱氧血红蛋白相较于健康部位（p < 0.01）和牙龈炎部位（p = 0.05）有所增加。各部位之间组织含水量本身无显著差异，但与组织电解质水平和温度相关的水指数在牙周炎部位与健康部位和牙龈炎部位之间存在显著差异（p < 0.03）。
本研究证实光学光谱法可在体内直接同时测定牙周组织中的多种炎症指标。可见近红外光谱法有潜力发展成为一种用于牙周炎的简单、无需试剂、用户友好、椅旁、针对特定部位的诊断和预后检测方法。
