Hu Shunxin, Feng Lei, Yang Zhonghong, Fan Xuechen, Gao Haozheng, Yang Tiancai
Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China.
Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, China.
Front Mol Neurosci. 2024 Mar 11;17:1370449. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1370449. eCollection 2024.
Exosomes, vesicular structures originating from cells, participate in the conveyance of proteins and nucleic acids. Presently, the centrality of epigenetic modifications in neurological disorders is widely acknowledged. Exosomes exert influence over various epigenetic phenomena, thereby modulating post-transcriptional regulatory processes contingent upon their constituent makeup. Consequently, the heightened attention directed toward exosomes as instigators of epigenetic alterations has burgeoned in recent years. Notably, exosomes serve as vehicles for delivering methyltransferases to recipient cells. More significantly, non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), represent pivotal contents within exosomes, wielding the capacity to influence the expression of diverse factors within the cerebral milieu. The transfer of these exosomal contents amidst brain cells, encompassing neuronal cells and microglia, assumes a critical role in the genesis and progression of neurological disorders, also, this role is not limited to neurological disorders, it may deal with any human disease, such as cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. This review will concentrate on elucidating the regulation of exosome-induced epigenetic events and its subsequent ramifications for neurological diseases. A more profound comprehension of the involvement of exosome-mediated epigenetic regulation in neurological disorders contributes to a heightened awareness of the etiology and advancement of cerebral afflictions.
外泌体是源自细胞的囊泡结构，参与蛋白质和核酸的运输。目前，表观遗传修饰在神经系统疾病中的核心地位已得到广泛认可。外泌体对各种表观遗传现象产生影响，从而根据其组成成分调节转录后调控过程。因此，近年来，人们对外泌体作为表观遗传改变引发因素的关注度日益增加。值得注意的是，外泌体可作为将甲基转移酶传递至受体细胞的载体。更重要的是，非编码RNA，尤其是微小RNA（miRNA），是外泌体的关键成分，能够影响脑内多种因子的表达。这些外泌体内容物在包括神经元细胞和小胶质细胞在内的脑细胞之间传递，在神经系统疾病的发生和发展中起关键作用。此外，这一作用不仅限于神经系统疾病，还可能涉及任何人类疾病，如癌症和心血管疾病。本综述将集中阐述外泌体诱导的表观遗传事件的调控及其对神经疾病的后续影响。更深入地理解外泌体介导的表观遗传调控在神经系统疾病中的作用，有助于提高对脑部疾病病因和进展的认识。
