The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China.
Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China.
Mol Cell Biochem. 2021 May;476(5):2111-2124. doi: 10.1007/s11010-021-04053-0. Epub 2021 Jan 29.
MicroRNAs (miRNA), endogenous non-coding RNAs approximately 22 nucleotides long, regulate gene expression by mediating translational inhibition or mRNA degradation. Exosomes are a tool for intercellular transmission of information in which miRNA exchange plays an important role. Under pathophysiological conditions in the central nervous system (CNS), cellular transmission of exosomal miRNAs can regulate signaling pathways. Exosomal miRNAs are involved in the occurrence and development of diverse CNS diseases, such as traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, and glioma. The use of exosomes as transport vehicles for certain miRNAs provides a novel therapeutic strategy for CNS diseases. Furthermore, the exosomes in body fluids change with the occurrence of diseases, indicating that subtle changes in physiological and pathological processes in vivo could be recognized by analyzing exosomes. Exosomal analysis is expected to act as a novel tool for diagnosis and prediction of neurological diseases. In this review, we present the current understanding of the implications of miRNAs in CNS diseases and summarize the role and mechanism of action of exosomal miRNA in nervous system disease models.
微小 RNA（miRNA）是大约 22 个核苷酸长的内源性非编码 RNA，通过介导翻译抑制或 mRNA 降解来调节基因表达。外泌体是细胞间信息传递的工具，其中 miRNA 交换起着重要作用。在中枢神经系统（CNS）的病理生理条件下，外泌体 miRNA 的细胞传递可以调节信号通路。外泌体 miRNA 参与多种 CNS 疾病的发生和发展，如创伤性脑损伤、脊髓损伤、中风、神经退行性疾病、癫痫和神经胶质瘤。将外泌体用作特定 miRNA 的运输载体为 CNS 疾病提供了一种新的治疗策略。此外，体液中的外泌体随着疾病的发生而变化，表明通过分析外泌体可以识别体内生理和病理过程的细微变化。外泌体分析有望成为神经疾病诊断和预测的新工具。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了 miRNA 在 CNS 疾病中的作用的最新认识，并总结了外泌体 miRNA 在神经系统疾病模型中的作用和作用机制。
