Department of Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.
Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.
J Cell Physiol. 2024 May;239(5):e31223. doi: 10.1002/jcp.31223. Epub 2024 Mar 26.
As an essential trace element for organisms, zinc participates in various physiological processes, such as RNA transcription, DNA replication, cell proliferation, and cell differentiation. The destruction of zinc homeostasis is associated with various diseases. Zinc homeostasis is controlled by the cooperative action of zinc transporter proteins that are responsible for the influx and efflux of zinc. Zinc transporter proteins are mainly categorized into two families: Zrt/Irt-like protein (SLC39A/ZIP) family and zinc transporter (SLC30A/ZNT) family. ZIP transporters contain 14 members, namely ZIP1-14, which can be further divided into four subfamilies. Currently, ZIP transporters-regulated zinc homeostasis is one of the research hotspots. Cumulative evidence suggests that ZIP transporters-regulated zinc homeostasis may cause physiological dysfunction and contribute to the onset and progression of diverse diseases, such as cancers, neurological diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we initially discuss the structure and distribution of ZIP transporters. Furthermore, we comprehensively review the latest research progress of ZIP transporters-regulated zinc homeostasis in diseases, providing a new perspective into new therapeutic targets for treating related diseases.
锌作为生物体的必需微量元素，参与 RNA 转录、DNA 复制、细胞增殖和细胞分化等多种生理过程。锌稳态的破坏与多种疾病有关。锌稳态由锌转运蛋白共同作用来控制，这些蛋白负责锌的内流和外流。锌转运蛋白主要分为两类：Zrt/Irt 样蛋白（SLC39A/ZIP）家族和锌转运蛋白（SLC30A/ZNT）家族。ZIP 转运体包含 14 个成员，即 ZIP1-14，它们可以进一步分为四个亚家族。目前，ZIP 转运体调节的锌稳态是研究热点之一。越来越多的证据表明，ZIP 转运体调节的锌稳态可能导致生理功能障碍，并有助于多种疾病（如癌症、神经退行性疾病和心血管疾病）的发生和发展。在这篇综述中，我们首先讨论了 ZIP 转运体的结构和分布。此外，我们全面综述了 ZIP 转运体调节的锌稳态在疾病中的最新研究进展，为治疗相关疾病提供了新的治疗靶点。
