The paradox of plant preference: The malaria vectors and select suboptimal food sources for their survival and reproduction.

and mosquitoes, two major malaria vectors in sub-Saharan Africa, exhibit selectivity among plant species as potential food sources. However, it remains unclear if their preference aligns with optimal nutrient intake and survival. Following an extensive screening of the effects of 31 plant species on in Burkina Faso, we selected three species for their contrasting effects on mosquito survival, namely , , and . We assessed the sugar content of these plants and their impact on mosquito fructose positivity, survival, and insemination rate, using and , with glucose 5% and water as controls. Plants displayed varying sugar content and differentially affected the survival, sugar intake, and insemination rate of mosquitoes. All three plants were more attractive to mosquitoes than controls, with being more responsive than . Notably, was the most attractive but had the lowest sugar content and offered the lowest survival, insemination rate, and fructose positivity. Our findings unveil a performance-preference mismatch in and regarding plant food sources. Several possible reasons for this negative correlation between performance and preference are discussed.