Association between SpO and the risk of death in elderly T2DM patients with cerebral infarction: a retrospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to evaluate the SpO (transcutaneous oxygen saturation) -mortality link in elderly T2DM (diabetes mellitus type 2) patients with cerebral infarction and identify their optimal SpO range.

METHODS

In this investigation, we employed a comprehensive approach. Initially, we screened the MIMIC-IV database, identifying elderly T2DM patients with cerebral infarction, utilizing specific ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes. We then harnessed the power of restricted cubic splines to craft a visual representation of the correlation between SpO and 1-year mortality. To enhance our analysis, we harnessed Cox multivariate regression, allowing us to compute adjusted hazard ratios (HR) accompanied by 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Additionally, we crafted Cumulative Mortality Curve analyses, augmenting our study by engaging in rigorous subgroup analyses, stratifying our observations based on pertinent covariates.

RESULTS

In this study, 448 elderly T2DM patients with cerebral infarction were included. Within 1-year post-discharge, 161 patients (35.94%) succumbed. Employing Restricted Cubic Spline analysis, a statistically significant -shaped non-linear relationship between admission ICU SpO levels and 1-year mortality was observed (-value < 0.05). Further analysis indicated that both low and high SpO levels increased the mortality risk. Cox multivariate regression analysis, adjusting for potential confounding factors, confirmed the association of low (≤94.5%) and high SpO levels (96.5-98.5%) with elevated 1-year mortality risk, particularly notably high SpO levels (>98.5%) [HR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.29-3.29, -value = 0.002]. The cumulative mortality curves revealed the following SpO subgroups from high to low cumulative mortality at the 365th day: normal levels (94.5% < SpO ≤ 96.5%), low levels (SpO ≤ 94.5%), high levels (96.5% < SpO ≤ 98.5%), and notably high levels (>98.5%). Subgroup analysis demonstrated no significant interaction between SpO and grouping variables, including Sex, Age, Congestive heart failure, Temperature, and ICU length of stay (LOS-ICU; -values for interaction were >0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Striking an optimal balance is paramount, as fixating solely on lower SpO limits or neglecting high SpO levels may contribute to increased mortality rates. To mitigate mortality risk in elderly T2DM patients with cerebral infarction, we recommend maintaining SpO levels within the range of 94.5-96.5%.