Aerospace & Human Performance, Department of NeurologyThe Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUnited States.
J Neurophysiol. 2024 May 1;131(5):785-788. doi: 10.1152/jn.00056.2024. Epub 2024 Mar 27.
The etiology of spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) is a developing field of research, with many current hypotheses receiving varying degrees of support. This syndrome affects ∼70% of astronauts both during and after long-duration space missions, resulting in impaired near vision and visual scotomas (blind spots). In this article, three prominent risk factors for SANS including zero gravity conditions, extraterrestrial hypercapnic environments, and individual genetic predisposition are described. These risk factors are then compared and their pathophysiological pathways are divided into five current hypotheses for the development of SANS. Finally, glymphatic system impairment is explored as a potential mutual end point for these pathways in the development of SANS.
航天相关神经眼综合征（SANS）的病因是一个正在发展的研究领域，许多目前的假说得到了不同程度的支持。这种综合征影响了大约 70%的宇航员，无论是在长期太空任务期间还是之后，导致近视力受损和视觉盲点（盲点）。在本文中，描述了 SANS 的三个突出危险因素，包括零重力条件、外星高碳酸环境和个体遗传易感性。然后对这些危险因素进行了比较，并将其病理生理学途径分为 SANS 发展的五个当前假说。最后，探讨了神经胶质系统损伤作为 SANS 发展过程中这些途径的潜在共同终点。
