Grigoraș Cristina-Gabriela, Simion Andrei-Ionuț, Drob Cătălin
Department of Food and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, "Vasile Alecsandri" University of Bacău, Calea Mărășești 157, 600115 Bacău, Romania.
Department of Engineering and Management, Mechatronics, Faculty of Engineering, "Vasile Alecsandri" University of Bacău, Calea Mărășești 157, 600115 Bacău, Romania.
Gels. 2024 Mar 21;10(3):211. doi: 10.3390/gels10030211.
Water is one of the fundamental resources for the existence of humans and the environment. Throughout time, due to urbanization, expanding population, increased agricultural production, and intense industrialization, significant pollution with persistent contaminants has been noted, placing the water quality in danger. As a consequence, different procedures and various technologies have been tested and used in order to ensure that water sources are safe for use. The adsorption process is often considered for wastewater treatment due to its straightforward design, low investment cost, availability, avoidance of additional chemicals, lack of undesirable byproducts, and demonstrated significant efficacious potential for treating and eliminating organic contaminants. To accomplish its application, the need to develop innovative materials has become an essential goal. In this context, an overview of recent advances in hydrogels based on chitosan and nanocomposites and their application for the depollution of wastewater contaminated with dyes is reported herein. The present review focuses on (i) the challenges raised by the synthesis process and characterization of the different hydrogels; (ii) the discussion of the impact of the main parameters affecting the adsorption process; (iii) the understanding of the adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamic behavior; and (iv) the examination of the possibility of recycling and reusing the hydrogels.
水是人类生存和环境的基本资源之一。长期以来，由于城市化、人口增长、农业生产增加以及工业化进程加快，已发现存在大量持久性污染物污染问题，水质面临威胁。因此，人们对不同的处理程序和多种技术进行了测试和应用，以确保水源的安全使用。吸附工艺因其设计简单、投资成本低、易于实现、无需添加额外化学物质、无不良副产物且在处理和去除有机污染物方面具有显著的有效潜力，常被用于废水处理。为实现其应用，开发创新材料已成为一项重要目标。在此背景下，本文报道了基于壳聚糖和纳米复合材料的水凝胶的最新进展及其在染料污染废水净化中的应用。本综述重点关注：（i）不同水凝胶合成过程和表征所带来的挑战；（ii）影响吸附过程的主要参数的影响讨论；（iii）对吸附等温线、动力学和热力学行为的理解；以及（iv）水凝胶回收和再利用可能性的研究。
