Jemberie Wondmeneh, Animut Abebe, Dugassa Sisay, Gebresilassie Araya, Melkamu Roma, Aklilu Esayas, Aemero Mulugeta, van Griensven Johan, Pareyn Myrthe
Vector Biology & Control Research Unit, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia.
Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar P.O. Box 196, Ethiopia.
Trop Med Infect Dis. 2024 Feb 23;9(3):52. doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed9030052.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by is transmitted by in northern Ethiopia. No studies have been conducted to investigate the transmission dynamics of CL, despite its high endemicity in both rural and urban settings. Evidence on the ecology and behavior of the vector from this area are required to develop integrated disease control strategies. Sand flies were collected in the dry and wet seasons in 2021 in CL-endemic rural Gindmeteaye and urban Addis-Alem in northwest Ethiopia. Trapping was performed with sticky and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light traps in three habitats, including inside patients' houses, peridomestic areasand in caves/rocky areas. Sand flies were morphologically identified to species level. Female species were categorized according to blood feeding status and tested by spliced-leader (SL-) ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to screen for infection. Of 1161 sand flies, the majority (77%) were , six (0.5%) were and the remaining were . The abundance of the 430 female was significantly linked to seasonality ( < 0.001), with the majority in the dry season occurring in the outdoor rocky (37%) and peridomestic (34%) sites, while, in the wet season, most (62%) were captured indoors. This seasonality was more pronounced in rural Gindmeteaye, where housing construction is poor. The number of blood-fed and gravid was significantly higher in the wet (31%; 22%), compared to the dry season (13%; 8%), and their proportion was highest indoors. Eighteen (4%) female were positive, with highest infection prevalence in caves (7% compared to 3% indoors, = 0.022), and in the dry season (6%, < 0.001). specimens were all captured in May in rural Gindmeteaye, five indoors and one in a peridomestic site. Further research should be conducted to investigate the absolute contribution of humans and indoor transmission to the transmission cycle of CL. Inhabitants of endemic villages should be made aware that evening outdoor activities near caves may increase their exposure to infectious sand flies. Whether can breed and become infected at high altitudes should be further studied.
在埃塞俄比亚北部，由[具体病原体未提及]引起的皮肤利什曼病（CL）通过[传播媒介未提及]传播。尽管CL在农村和城市地区均高度流行，但尚未开展研究来调查其传播动态。需要该地区媒介的生态和行为证据来制定综合疾病控制策略。2021年旱季和雨季期间，在埃塞俄比亚西北部CL流行的农村金德梅泰耶（Gindmeteaye）和城市亚的斯亚勒姆（Addis - Alem）采集了白蛉。在包括患者房屋内、家畜圈舍周围区域和洞穴/岩石区域在内的三种栖息地，使用粘性诱捕器和疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）灯光诱捕器进行诱捕。对白蛉进行形态学鉴定至物种水平。根据吸血状态对雌性白蛉物种进行分类，并通过剪接引导序列（SL -）核糖核酸（RNA）聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测以筛查[病原体名称未提及]感染情况。在1161只白蛉中，大多数（77%）为[白蛉物种未提及]，6只（0.5%）为[白蛉物种未提及]，其余为[白蛉物种未提及]。430只雌性[白蛉物种未提及]的丰度与季节显著相关（P < 0.001），大多数在旱季出现在户外岩石区域（37%）和家畜圈舍周围区域（34%），而在雨季，大多数（62%）在室内捕获。这种季节性在住房建设较差的农村金德梅泰耶更为明显。吸血和怀有身孕的[白蛉物种未提及]数量在雨季（31%；22%）显著高于旱季（13%；8%），且其比例在室内最高。18只（4%）雌性[白蛉物种未提及]呈[病原体名称未提及]阳性，洞穴中的感染率最高（7%，相比之下室内为3%，P = 0.022），且在旱季（6%，P < 0.001）。[病原体名称未提及]样本均于5月在农村金德梅泰耶采集，5份在室内，1份在家畜圈舍周围区域。应进一步开展研究以调查人类和室内传播对CL传播循环的绝对贡献。应让流行村庄的居民意识到傍晚在洞穴附近进行户外活动可能会增加他们接触感染性白蛉的机会。[白蛉物种未提及]是否能在高海拔地区繁殖并被感染应进一步研究。
