Morris Nicole M, Ingram Paul B, Armistead-Jehle Patrick
Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
Dwight D. Eisenhower Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Eastern Kansas Veteran Healthcare System, Leavenworth, Kansas, USA.
Mil Psychol. 2022 Mar 29;34(4):484-493. doi: 10.1080/08995605.2021.2013059. eCollection 2022.
This study evaluated the Personality Assessment Inventory's (PAI) symptom validity-based over-reporting scales with concurrently administered performance validity testing in a sample of active-duty military personnel seen within a neuropsychology clinic. We utilize two measures of performance validity to identify problematic performance validity (pass all/fail any) in 468 participants. Scale means, sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, and risk ratios were contrasted across symptom validity-based over-reporting scales. Results indicate that the Negative Impression Management (NIM), Malingering Index (MAL), and Multiscale Feigning Index (MFI) scales are the best at classifying failed performance validity testing with medium to large effects ( = .61-.73). In general, these scales demonstrated high specificity and low sensitivity. Roger's Discriminant Function (RDF) had negligible group differences and poor classification. The Feigned Adult ADHD index (FAA) performed inconsistently. This study provides support for the use of several PAI over-reporting scales at detecting probable patterns of performance-based invalid responses within a military sample. Military clinicians using NIM, MAL, or MFI are confident that those who elevate these scales at recommended cut scores are likely to fail concurrent performance validity testing. Use of the Feigned Adult FAA and RDF scales is discouraged due to their poor or mixed performance.
本研究在一家神经心理学诊所就诊的现役军人样本中，通过同时进行的行为效度测试，评估了人格评估量表（PAI）基于症状效度的过度报告量表。我们使用两种行为效度测量方法，在468名参与者中识别出有问题的行为效度（全部通过/有一项未通过）。基于症状效度的过度报告量表在量表均值、敏感性、特异性、预测值和风险比率方面进行了对比。结果表明，负面印象管理（NIM）、诈病指数（MAL）和多量表伪装指数（MFI）量表在将未通过的行为效度测试分类方面效果最佳，影响程度为中等至较大（=0.61 - 0.73）。总体而言，这些量表表现出高特异性和低敏感性。罗杰判别函数（RDF）的组间差异可忽略不计，分类效果不佳。伪装成人多动症指数（FAA）表现不稳定。本研究为在军事样本中使用几种PAI过度报告量表检测基于行为的无效反应的可能模式提供了支持。使用NIM、MAL或MFI量表的军事临床医生确信，那些在推荐的临界分数上使这些量表分数升高的人很可能在同时进行的行为效度测试中失败。由于伪装成人FAA量表和RDF量表表现不佳或参差不齐，不建议使用。
