Rosa Eduardo, Lyskov Eugene, Grönkvist Mikael, Kölegård Roger, Dahlström Nicklas, Knez Igor, Ljung Robert, Willander Johan
Department of Psychology, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden.
Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, University of Gävle, Sweden.
Mil Psychol. 2022 Jan 13;34(2):224-236. doi: 10.1080/08995605.2021.1989236. eCollection 2022.
Pilots in long-duration flight missions in single-seat aircraft may be affected by fatigue. This study determined associations between cognitive performance, emotions and physiological activation and deactivation - measured by heart rate variability (HRV) - in a simulated 11-h flight mission in the 39 Gripen aircraft. Twelve participants volunteered for the study. Perceived fatigue was measured by the Samn-Perelli Fatigue Index (SPFI). Cognitive performance was measured by non-executive and executive tasks. Emotions were assessed by the Circumplex Affect Space instrument. HRV was considered in relation to the cognitive tasks in four time points - Hours 3, 5, 7, 9 - and their associations with emotional ratings. Results indicated a decrease in performance in the non-executive task after approximately 7 h. This result was correlated with self-reported measures of fatigue. HRV, assessed by indices of parasympathetic modulation, remained unchanged for both non-executive and executive tasks over time ( > .05 for all). Significant correlations were observed between emotions and HRV; with increased boredom, increased passiveness, decreased stimulation, and decreased activeness, HRV indicators increased ( < .05). This suggests that a low self-regulatory effort for maintaining performance in these conditions was prevalent and that pilots could adapt to some degree to the demands and fatigue of long-duration missions.
驾驶单座飞机执行长时间飞行任务的飞行员可能会受到疲劳的影响。本研究在模拟的“鹰狮”战机11小时飞行任务中，确定了认知表现、情绪与生理激活和去激活（通过心率变异性（HRV）测量）之间的关联。12名参与者自愿参加了该研究。通过萨姆恩-佩雷利疲劳指数（SPFI）测量感知到的疲劳。通过非执行任务和执行任务来测量认知表现。通过环形情感空间工具评估情绪。在四个时间点——第3小时、第5小时、第7小时、第9小时——考虑HRV与认知任务的关系及其与情绪评分的关联。结果表明，大约7小时后非执行任务的表现有所下降。这一结果与自我报告的疲劳测量结果相关。通过副交感神经调节指标评估的HRV，随着时间的推移，非执行任务和执行任务的HRV均保持不变（所有p值均＞0.05）。情绪与HRV之间存在显著相关性；随着无聊感增加、被动性增加、刺激减少和积极性降低，HRV指标增加（p＜0.05）。这表明在这些情况下，维持表现的自我调节努力程度较低是普遍存在的，并且飞行员在一定程度上可以适应长时间任务的要求和疲劳。
