Department of Hospital Acquired Infection Control and Public Health Management, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.628 Zhenyuan Road, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
Department of Infectious Diseases, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
BMC Infect Dis. 2024 Mar 27;24(1):354. doi: 10.1186/s12879-024-09221-3.
The prevalence and distinction between first Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and reinfection with the Omicron variant among healthcare workers (HCWs) remain unclear.
A cross-sectional study was conducted at a hospital in Southern China. The study included 262 HCWs who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 between April and June 2023, with 101 cases of first infection and 161 ones of reinfection. Student's t-test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Mann-Whitney U tests were used based on the distribution of quantitative variables. Pearson's chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used based on the expected frequencies of categorical variables.
The reinfection rate among HCWs was 11.5% (161/1406). The majority of the infected HCWs were female (212/262, 80.9%, first infection vs. reinfection: 76.2% vs. 83.9%). The nursing staff, had the highest percentage of SARS-CoV-2 infection (42.0%), especially of its reinfection (47.8%). Out of the 262 infected individuals, 257 had received SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, primarily inactivated vaccines (243/257, 91.1%). The first infection group, which received four doses (24, 23.8%), was significantly higher than that in the reinfection group (6, 3.7%) (P < 0.001). The proportion of asymptomatic infections among HCWs in the two groups was 1.0% and 1.2%. The main symptoms during the first infection and reinfection were fever (83.2% and 50.9%) and sore throat (78.2% and 77.0%). There were significant differences in the prevalence of fever (83.2% vs. 50.9%), rhinorrhea (45.5% vs. 60.9%) and myalgia (56.4% vs. 37.9%) between the first infection and reinfection (P < 0.05). The average interval for SARS-CoV-2 reinfection was 149.9 (range: 114-182, SD = 11.9) days. Notably, physicians had the shortest average interval of 142.8 (8.8) days, while management and administrative staff had the longest average interval of 153.8 (13.5) days.
Although the symptoms of HCWs during reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 were milder, the high reinfection rate and short interval between infections indicate the need to enhance monitoring and protective measures for HCWs during the epidemic.
医护人员（HCWs）中首次感染严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）和感染奥密克戎变异株的流行率和区别仍不清楚。
在中国南方的一家医院进行了一项横断面研究。该研究纳入了 2023 年 4 月至 6 月期间感染 SARS-CoV-2 的 262 名 HCWs，其中 101 例为首次感染，161 例为再感染。基于定量变量的分布，使用了学生 t 检验、方差分析（ANOVA）和曼-惠特尼 U 检验。基于分类变量的预期频率，使用了皮尔逊卡方检验和 Fisher 确切检验。
HCWs 的再感染率为 11.5%（161/1406）。大多数感染的 HCWs 为女性（212/262，80.9%，首次感染与再感染：76.2% vs. 83.9%）。护理人员的 SARS-CoV-2 感染率最高（42.0%），尤其是再感染率（47.8%）。在 262 名感染者中，257 人接种了 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗，主要为灭活疫苗（243/257，91.1%）。首次感染组接受了四剂疫苗（24 剂，23.8%），明显高于再感染组（6 剂，3.7%）（P<0.001）。两组无症状感染率均为 1.0%。两组中主要症状为发热（83.2%和 50.9%）和咽痛（78.2%和 77.0%）。首次感染和再感染时发热（83.2% vs. 50.9%）、流涕（45.5% vs. 60.9%）和肌痛（56.4% vs. 37.9%）的发生率有显著差异（P<0.05）。SARS-CoV-2 再感染的平均间隔为 149.9（范围：114-182，SD=11.9）天。值得注意的是，医生的平均间隔最短，为 142.8（8.8）天，而管理人员的平均间隔最长，为 153.8（13.5）天。
尽管 HCWs 在 SARS-CoV-2 再感染期间的症状较轻，但再感染率高且两次感染之间的间隔短表明需要加强对流行期间 HCWs 的监测和保护措施。
