Private Practice, ul. Klonów 10A, Dobrzyca, 63-330, Poland.
Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. C. K. Norwida 31, Wroclaw, 50-375, Poland.
BMC Vet Res. 2024 Mar 28;20(1):124. doi: 10.1186/s12917-024-03968-2.
The objective of this study was to examine the inter-relationships between pig farm management and facilities (as assessed by questionnaire) and post-mortem lung lesion (lung score assesment), which are the result of respiratory infections. The relationships between carcass characteristics and post-mortem lung lesion scores were also investigated.
Questionnaire responses were collected from 22 self-selecting pig farmers about their farm facilities/management and health condition of the respiratory system of pigs, including the occurrence of clinical respiratory signs, results of laboratory testing for respiratory pathogens, and the use of respiratory vaccines. When fatteners were sent to the abattoir, their carcasses (n = 1,976) were examined for evidence of respiratory disease by lung lesion (pleuritis pneumonia-like (PP-like) and enzootic pneumonia-like (EP-like) lesions) scoring and the Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Index (APPI) was calculated. Carcass characteristics were recorded and, retrospectively, the prevalence of cachectic pigs was calculated. Using these variables, the relationships between farm facilities/management and lung lesions scores and the relationships between the latter and carcass characteristics and cachexia were explored. The key findings relating farm facilities and management to lung lesions were: slatted floors were associated with significantly higher EP-like lesions scores than litter bedding in weaners, single-stage fattening in the same building was associated with significantly higher EP-like lesions scores than two-stage fattening, but herd size, stocking density, use of all-in/all-out (AIAO) rule, technological break duration and variation in daily temperature did not affect lung lesions scores. The key findings relating lung lesion scores to carcass characteristics were: a significant, negative correlation between EP-like scores and carcass weight but not with other carcass characteristics, a significant positive correlation between PP-like scores and carcass meat content and prevalence of cachectic carcasses and a significant positive correlation between lung APPI and prevalence of cachectic carcasses.
It can be concluded that both farm facilities and management affect lung lesions scores and that the latter affect carcass characteristics. Lung lesion scoring is an inexpensive technique suitable for rapid monitoring of large numbers of carcasses that can be performed after animal slaughter. It provides useful information to inform producers about possible deficits in farm facilities or management and is a predictor of economic loss due to poorer quality carcasses.
本研究旨在探讨猪场管理和设施（通过问卷调查评估）与死后肺部病变（肺部病变评分评估）之间的相互关系，后者是由呼吸道感染引起的。还研究了胴体特征与死后肺部病变评分之间的关系。
从 22 名自行选择的养猪户那里收集了关于他们的农场设施/管理和猪呼吸系统健康状况的问卷回复，包括临床呼吸道症状的发生、呼吸道病原体检测结果以及呼吸疫苗的使用情况。当育肥猪被送到屠宰场时，对其胴体（n=1976）进行了肺部病变（胸膜炎肺炎样（PP 样）和地方性肺炎样（EP 样）病变）评分检查，并计算了胸膜肺炎放线杆菌指数（APPI）。记录了胴体特征，并回顾性地计算了消瘦猪的患病率。利用这些变量，探讨了农场设施/管理与肺部病变评分之间的关系，以及后者与胴体特征和消瘦之间的关系。与肺部病变相关的农场设施和管理的主要发现包括：在断奶仔猪中，有缝隙的地板与更高的 EP 样病变评分显著相关，同一建筑中单阶段育肥与更高的 EP 样病变评分显著相关，但畜群规模、饲养密度、全进全出（AIAO）规则的使用、技术中断持续时间和日温差变化均不影响肺部病变评分。与肺部病变评分相关的胴体特征的主要发现包括：EP 样评分与胴体重呈显著负相关，但与其他胴体特征无关，PP 样评分与胴体肉含量和消瘦胴体的患病率呈显著正相关，肺 APPI 与消瘦胴体的患病率呈显著正相关。
可以得出结论，猪场设施和管理都会影响肺部病变评分，而后者会影响胴体特征。肺部病变评分是一种廉价的技术，适合快速监测大量胴体，可以在动物屠宰后进行。它为生产者提供了有关农场设施或管理可能存在缺陷的有用信息，是胴体质量较差导致经济损失的预测指标。
