Verisqa Fiona, Park Jeong-Hui, Mandakhbayar Nandin, Cha Jae-Ryung, Nguyen Linh, Kim Hae-Won, Knowles Jonathan C
Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK.
Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.
Biomedicines. 2024 Mar 7;12(3):609. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12030609.
Osteogenic and angiogenic properties of synthetic bone grafts play a crucial role in the restoration of bone defects. Angiogenesis is recognised for its support in bone regeneration, particularly in larger defects. The objective of this study is to evaluate the new bone formation and neovascularisation of a 3D-printed isosorbide-based novel CSMA-2 polymer in biomimetic gyroid structures.
The gyroid scaffolds were fabricated by 3D printing CSMA-2 polymers with different hydroxyapatite (HA) filler concentrations using the digital light processing (DLP) method. A small animal subcutaneous model and a rat calvaria critical-size defect model were performed to analyse tissue compatibility, angiogenesis, and new bone formation.
The results showed good biocompatibility of the 3D-printed gyroid scaffolds with no visible prolonged inflammatory reaction. Blood vessels were found to infiltrate the pores from day 7 of the implantation. New bone formation was confirmed with positive MT staining and BMP-2 expression, particularly on scaffolds with 10% HA. Bone volume was significantly higher in the CSMA-2 10HA group compared to the sham control group.
The results of the subcutaneous model demonstrated a favourable tissue response, including angiogenesis and fibrous tissue, indicative of the early wound healing process. The results from the critical-size defect model showcased new bone formation, as confirmed by micro-CT imaging and immunohistochemistry. The combination of CSMA-2 as the 3D printing material and the gyroid as the 3D structure was found to support essential events in bone healing, specifically angiogenesis and osteogenesis.
合成骨移植材料的成骨和血管生成特性在骨缺损修复中起着至关重要的作用。血管生成因其对骨再生的支持作用而得到认可，尤其是在较大的骨缺损中。本研究的目的是评估一种3D打印的基于异山梨醇的新型CSMA - 2聚合物在仿生类螺旋结构中的新骨形成和新血管生成情况。
采用数字光处理（DLP）方法，通过3D打印具有不同羟基磷灰石（HA）填料浓度的CSMA - 2聚合物来制备类螺旋支架。进行小动物皮下模型和大鼠颅骨临界尺寸缺损模型，以分析组织相容性、血管生成和新骨形成情况。
结果显示3D打印的类螺旋支架具有良好的生物相容性，无明显的持续性炎症反应。在植入第7天就发现血管浸润到孔隙中。通过MT染色阳性和BMP - 2表达证实了新骨形成，特别是在含有10% HA 的支架上。与假手术对照组相比，CSMA - 2 10HA组的骨体积显著更高。
皮下模型的结果显示出良好的组织反应，包括血管生成和纤维组织，这表明了早期伤口愈合过程。临界尺寸缺损模型的结果通过微型计算机断层扫描成像和免疫组织化学证实了新骨形成。发现CSMA - 2作为3D打印材料与类螺旋作为3D结构的组合能够支持骨愈合中的关键事件，特别是血管生成和成骨作用。
