Cáceres-Matos Rocío, Vázquez-Santiago Soledad, Pabón-Carrasco Manuel, Cabrera-León Andrés, Gil-García Eugenia
Research Group CTS-1050: "Complex Care, Chronicity and Health Outcomes", Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain.
Department of Public Health, Andalusian School of Public Health, 18011 Granada, Spain.
Healthcare (Basel). 2024 Mar 20;12(6):695. doi: 10.3390/healthcare12060695.
The experience of chronic non-cancer pain differs between women and men due to gender-related factors. This study (1) assessed the difference in responses to the impact of chronic non-cancer pain on daily life in women and men using the PAIN_Integral Scale© and (2) evaluated its invariance through multigroup confirmatory factor analysis. This was conducted by means of an analysis of invariance through a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis. A cross-sectional sample of 400 participants over 18 years of age with Chronic Non-Oncological Pain in Pain Units and Primary Care Centres belonging to the Spanish Public Health System was recruited (January to March 2020). An analysis was performed to assess whether any of the items in the instrument showed different behaviours. All analyses were performed using AMOS v.26 software. The results showed that the structure of the PAIN_Integral© Scale remained adequate when analysing its invariance in women and men, showing no metric, scalar and/or strict invariance. Therefore, these results indicated that the PAIN_Integral Scale© instrument has a different interpretation for women and men, identifying eight items with a singular functioning in both sexes and belonging to the subscales of proactivity, resilience and support network. These findings can be explained by gender stereotypes, since the dimensions where there are differences have an important social burden.
由于与性别相关的因素，慢性非癌性疼痛在女性和男性中的体验有所不同。本研究（1）使用PAIN_Integral量表评估了慢性非癌性疼痛对女性和男性日常生活影响的反应差异，（2）通过多组验证性因素分析评估了其不变性。这是通过多组验证性因素分析进行不变性分析来完成的。招募了来自西班牙公共卫生系统的疼痛科和初级保健中心的400名18岁以上患有慢性非肿瘤性疼痛的参与者作为横断面样本（2020年1月至3月）。进行了一项分析，以评估该工具中的任何项目是否表现出不同的行为。所有分析均使用AMOS v.26软件进行。结果表明，在分析PAIN_Integral量表在女性和男性中的不变性时，其结构仍然合适，未显示出度量、标量和/或严格不变性。因此，这些结果表明，PAIN_Integral量表对女性和男性有不同的解释，识别出八项在两性中具有独特功能且属于主动性、复原力和支持网络子量表的项目。这些发现可以用性别刻板印象来解释，因为存在差异的维度具有重要的社会负担。
