Keklik Mehmet, Golge Ozgur, González-Curbelo Miguel Ángel, Kabak Bulent
Air Alaşehir Food Control Laboratory, Alaşehir 45600, Turkey.
Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, Faulty of Tourism, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya 07425, Turkey.
Foods. 2024 Mar 17;13(6):909. doi: 10.3390/foods13060909.
Commercial viticulture necessitates regular pesticide applications to manage diseases and pests, raising significant concerns regarding pesticide residues among stakeholders. Due to health risks associated with these residues in Turkish vine leaves, the European Commission has increased the frequency of official control from 20% to 50%. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine multi-class pesticide residues in brined vine leaves from Turkey. A total of 766 samples of vine leaves were collected between May 2022 and June 2023. More than 500 residues were analyzed using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method, followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In-house validation data demonstrated that the analytical method exhibits fit-for-purpose performance in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, and measurement uncertainty. Out of 766 samples analyzed, 180 samples (23.5%) contained one (131, 17.1%) or multiple (49, 6.4%) pesticides. Both the frequencies of occurrence and the rate of maximum residue level (MRL) exceedance increased in 2023 compared to 2022, with the MRL exceedance rate rising from 9.5% to 25.2%. Forty-three different residues were found in quantifiable concentrations and eight of them were non-approved. Among the residues, the non-systemic pyrethroid insecticides, lambda-cyhalothrin (8.0%) and cypermethrin (7.2%), were the two most frequently detected, with concentrations ranging from 0.010 to 0.248 mg kg and from 0.011 to 0.533 mg kg, respectively. Turkey is a major exporter of vine leaves and these results provide crucial information regarding pesticide occurrence and quality assessment of vine leaves. The significant increase in both pesticide occurrence and MRL exceedance rates between 2022 and 2023 underscores the urgency for regulatory bodies to reassess current pesticide usage and monitoring practices. The findings emphasize the importance of implementing more stringent rules and improving enforcement methods in order to reduce the spread of unapproved pesticides and ensure adherence to global food safety standards.
商业葡萄种植需要定期施用农药来防治病虫害，这引发了利益相关者对农药残留的严重担忧。由于土耳其葡萄叶中的这些残留存在健康风险，欧盟委员会已将官方控制频率从20%提高到50%。因此，本研究的目的是测定来自土耳其的盐渍葡萄叶中的多类农药残留。2022年5月至2023年6月期间共采集了766份葡萄叶样本。使用快速、简便、廉价、高效、耐用和安全（QuEChERS）方法，随后进行液相色谱 - 串联质谱分析，对500多种残留进行了分析。内部验证数据表明，该分析方法在线性、准确性、精密度和测量不确定度方面具有符合目的的性能。在分析的766个样本中，180个样本（23.5%）含有一种（131个，17.1%）或多种（49个，6.4%）农药。与2022年相比，2023年的检出频率和最大残留限量（MRL）超标率均有所增加，MRL超标率从9.5%升至25.2%。发现了43种不同的可量化浓度的残留，其中8种是未获批准的。在这些残留中，非系统性拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂高效氯氟氰菊酯（8.0%）和氯氰菊酯（7.2%）是检出频率最高的两种，浓度分别为0.010至0.248 mg/kg和0.011至0.533 mg/kg。土耳其是葡萄叶的主要出口国，这些结果提供了有关葡萄叶中农药存在情况和质量评估的关键信息。2022年至2023年期间农药检出率和MRL超标率的显著增加凸显了监管机构重新评估当前农药使用和监测做法的紧迫性。研究结果强调了实施更严格规则和改进执法方法的重要性，以减少未获批准农药的传播并确保符合全球食品安全标准。
