Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece.
School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2024 Feb 24;60(3):382. doi: 10.3390/medicina60030382.
Bacteria belonging to the genus are thin, capnophilic, Gram-negative bacilli with tapered ends that include nine species that are isolated from the mouth of humans and animals and, from a phylogenetical perspective, they belong to the family . Two more species, namely and have been recovered from a periapical abscess and human and animal infections, respectively. spp. can cause serious and potentially life-threatening infections in humans, such as bacteremia and meningitis, most commonly in the context of penetrating trauma as a result of contact with animals, especially after animal bites. Other invasive diseases such as osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, and infective endocarditis (IE) may also occur more rarely. The aim of this study was to review all previously described cases of IE by spp. and provide information about the epidemiology, microbiology, antimicrobial susceptibility, clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of this infection. A narrative review based on a search in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus was performed. Studies published until 11 September 2023 providing relevant data for IE caused by spp. in humans were included. A total of 31 studies containing data from 31 patients were included. A history of dog bites was present in 10 out of 26 patients (38.5%). A prosthetic valve was present in 3 patients (9.7%). The most commonly infected valve was the aortic valve, followed by the tricuspid valve. Fever, embolic phenomena, paravalvular abscess, and sepsis were the most common clinical presentations. Beta-lactams and aminoglycosides were the antimicrobials most commonly used. Surgery was performed in 20 patients (64.5%). Overall mortality reached 16.1%.
属于 属的细菌是薄的、嗜二氧化碳的、革兰氏阴性杆菌，具有锥形末端，包括从人和动物口腔中分离出来的 9 个种，从系统发育的角度来看，它们属于 科。另外两个种，即 和 分别从根尖脓肿和人类及动物感染中恢复。 spp. 可在人类中引起严重且潜在威胁生命的感染，如菌血症和脑膜炎，最常见于穿透性创伤的情况下，这是由于与动物接触，特别是在动物咬伤后。其他侵袭性疾病，如骨髓炎、化脓性关节炎和感染性心内膜炎（IE）也可能更罕见地发生。本研究旨在回顾所有以前描述的由 spp. 引起的 IE 病例，并提供有关这种感染的流行病学、微生物学、抗菌药物敏感性、临床特征、治疗和结局的信息。这是基于在 PubMed、Cochrane 图书馆和 Scopus 中进行的搜索的叙述性综述。纳入了截至 2023 年 9 月 11 日发表的提供了由 spp. 引起的人类 IE 相关数据的所有研究。共纳入了 31 项研究，这些研究包含了 31 名患者的数据。26 名患者中有 10 名（38.5%）有狗咬伤史。3 名患者（9.7%）有假体瓣膜。受感染的最常见瓣膜是主动脉瓣，其次是三尖瓣。发热、栓塞现象、瓣周脓肿和败血症是最常见的临床表现。最常用的抗菌药物是β-内酰胺类和氨基糖苷类。20 名患者（64.5%）接受了手术。总死亡率达到 16.1%。
