Centre for Emerging Respiratory and Arbovirus Research, Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0084, South Africa.
Centre for Enteric Diseases, Virology, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2192, South Africa.
Viruses. 2024 Mar 5;16(3):404. doi: 10.3390/v16030404.
Severe acute respiratory tract infections (SARIs) has been well described in South Africa with seasonal patterns described for influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), while others occur year-round (rhinovirus and adenovirus). This prospective syndromic hospital-based surveillance study describes the prevalence and impact of public interventions on the seasonality of other respiratory pathogens during the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. This occurred from August 2018 to April 2022, with 2595 patients who met the SARS case definition and 442 controls, from three sentinel urban and rural hospital sites in South Africa. Naso/oro-pharyngeal (NP/OP) swabs were tested using the FastTrack Diagnostics Respiratory pathogens 33 (RUO) kit. Descriptive statistics, odds ratios, and univariate/multivariate analyses were used. Rhinovirus (14.80%, 228/1540) and (28.50%, 439/1540) were most frequently detected in NP/OP swabs and in children <1 years old (35%, 648/1876). Among others, pathogens associated with SARI cases causing disease were influenza A&B, HRV, RSV, hCoV 229e, , , and . Pre-COVID-19, seasonal trends of these pathogens correlated with previous years, with RSV and influenza A seasons only resuming after the national lockdown (2021). It is evident that stringent lockdown conditions have severe impacts on the prevalence of respiratory tract infections.
严重急性呼吸道感染（SARI）在南非已有很好的描述，流感和呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）具有季节性模式，而其他病原体则全年发生（鼻病毒和腺病毒）。这项前瞻性综合征医院监测研究描述了在 COVID-19 大流行期间，公共干预措施对其他呼吸道病原体季节性的影响。该研究于 2018 年 8 月至 2022 年 4 月进行，纳入了南非三个哨点城市和农村医院的 2595 名符合 SARI 病例定义的患者和 442 名对照，采集鼻咽（NP/OP）拭子，使用 FastTrack Diagnostics 呼吸道病原体 33（RUO）试剂盒进行检测。采用描述性统计、比值比以及单变量/多变量分析。在 NP/OP 拭子和<1 岁的儿童中，鼻病毒（14.80%，228/1540）和 （28.50%，439/1540）最常被检测到。在其他病原体中，与 SARI 病例相关的病原体包括流感 A&B、HRV、RSV、hCoV 229e、 、 、 和 。在 COVID-19 之前，这些病原体的季节性趋势与前几年一致，只有在全国封锁（2021 年）后，RSV 和流感 A 季节才恢复。显然，严格的封锁条件对呼吸道感染的流行有严重影响。
