坦桑尼亚东部鼻出血的知识与实践：一项耳鼻喉科急诊的横断面研究
Knowledge nd practices of epistaxis in Eastern Tanzania: A cross-sectional study of an emergency in otorhinolaryngology.
作者信息
Abraham Zephania Saitabau, Fussi Onesmo Cyprian, Kahinga Aveline Aloyce
机构信息
Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
出版信息
Afr J Emerg Med. 2024 Jun;14(2):70-74. doi: 10.1016/j.afjem.2024.03.002. Epub 2024 Mar 19.
INTRODUCTION
It's approximated that 60% of the population globally experience epistaxis during lifetime. Despite epistaxis being prevalent in Tanzania, there are limited studies that have explored experience of participants on epistaxis. This study aims to determine knowledge on the causes, first aid management and practices of epistaxis among patients attending a health facility in Eastern Tanzania.
METHODS
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted where 371 participants aged 15 years and above were interviewed using structured questionnaires. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Sciences version 23. Chi-square tests were performed and a p-value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
RESULTS
About two-thirds (60.9%) of the study participants had good knowledge of the causes of epistaxis. Majority of participants knew excessive nose manipulation (95.1%) to be the commonest cause of epistaxis and the least cause mentioned was chronic liver disease (24.8%). On the other hand, 77.6% of the participants had good knowledge while 22.4% had poor knowledge regarding first aid management of epistaxis. In this study, 328(88.4%) participants knew pressing the nose could stop epistaxis, while 164(44.2%) knew the best position to stop epistaxis and that is to tilt the head forward and those who had history of epistaxis, 150 (73.2%) out of 205 pinched the nose as the first aid. Similarly, 133(35.8%) participants thought cessation of smoking has effect on decreasing the occurrence of epistaxis. A significant association was noted between knowledge of first aid management of epistaxis and some socio-demographic characteristics such as age and educational level. There was also a significant association between knowledge of the causes of epistaxis and educational level.
CONCLUSION
Majority of the participants had good knowledge of the causes and first aid management of epistaxis.
引言
据估计，全球60%的人口一生中会经历鼻出血。尽管鼻出血在坦桑尼亚很常见，但探索参与者鼻出血经历的研究有限。本研究旨在确定坦桑尼亚东部一家医疗机构的患者对鼻出血的病因、急救处理和相关做法的了解情况。
方法
开展了一项描述性横断面研究，使用结构化问卷对371名15岁及以上的参与者进行了访谈。数据采用社会科学统计软件包第23版进行分析。进行了卡方检验，p值<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
结果
约三分之二（60.9%）的研究参与者对鼻出血的病因有较好的了解。大多数参与者知道过度抠鼻（95.1%）是鼻出血最常见的原因，提及最少的原因是慢性肝病（24.8%）。另一方面，77.6%的参与者对鼻出血的急救处理有较好的了解，而22.4%的参与者了解较差。在本研究中，328名（88.4%）参与者知道按压鼻子可以止血，而164名（44.2%）知道止血的最佳姿势是头部前倾，在有鼻出血史的参与者中，205名中有150名（73.2%）将捏鼻子作为急救措施。同样，133名（35.8%）参与者认为戒烟对减少鼻出血的发生有作用。鼻出血急救处理知识与年龄和教育水平等一些社会人口学特征之间存在显著关联。鼻出血病因知识与教育水平之间也存在显著关联。
结论
大多数参与者对鼻出血的病因和急救处理有较好的了解。
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