Miller C, Ettridge K, Pettigrew S, Wittert G, Coveney J, Wakefield M, Roder D, Durkin S, Martin J, Kay E, Dono J
School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Health Policy Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.
Health Policy Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia; School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
Public Health. 2024 May;230:138-148. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.01.026. Epub 2024 Mar 27.
Front-of-pack warning labels may reduce consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, potentially mitigating negative health outcomes. Comparisons between different warning label types to inform future research and policy directions are lacking. This study compared 27 warning labels across six message types for their potential to reduce sugar-sweetened beverage consumption.
A national sample of regular soda (n = 2578) and juice (n = 1048) consumers aged 14-60 years participated in an online survey. Participants evaluated randomly allocated labels; one from each of six warning label sets (health-graphic, sugar-pictogram, sugar-text, exercise equivalents, health-text, energy information) on four measures of perceived effectiveness (PE: overall effectiveness, discourage from drinking, emotional response, persuasive potential). Participants could also provide open comments. A general linear model compared differences in mean scores across label sets for each measure of PE.
PE ratings differed significantly between label sets. Labels clearly quantifying sugar content (sugar-teaspoons) received consistently high PE ratings, whereas 'high in sugar' labels did not. Health-graphic labels were rated highly across all PE measures except persuasive potential. Exercise labels only rated highly on persuasive potential. Health-text results were mixed, and energy labels were consistently low.
Simple, factual labels were easily interpreted and perceived as most effective. Labels quantifying sugar content were consistently high performers and should be advanced into policy to help decrease overconsumption of sugar-sweetened beverages.
包装正面警示标签可能会减少含糖饮料的消费量，从而有可能减轻负面健康后果。目前缺乏不同类型警示标签之间的比较，以指导未来的研究和政策方向。本研究比较了六种信息类型的27种警示标签减少含糖饮料消费的潜力。
对14至60岁的普通汽水消费者（n = 2578）和果汁消费者（n = 1048）进行全国抽样，参与在线调查。参与者对随机分配的标签进行评估；从六个警示标签组（健康图表、糖分象形图、糖分文字、运动等效量、健康文字、能量信息）中各选一个，根据四种感知有效性指标（PE：总体有效性、劝阻饮用、情感反应、说服潜力）进行评估。参与者还可以提供开放性意见。采用一般线性模型比较各标签组在每种PE指标上的平均得分差异。
各标签组的PE评分存在显著差异。明确量化糖分含量（糖勺）的标签获得了持续较高的PE评分，而“高糖”标签则不然。除说服潜力外，健康图表标签在所有PE指标上的评分都很高。运动标签仅在说服潜力方面评分较高。健康文字标签的结果参差不齐，能量标签的评分一直很低。
简单、基于事实的标签易于理解，且被认为最有效。量化糖分含量的标签一直表现出色，应推进纳入政策，以帮助减少含糖饮料的过度消费。
