Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates.
Mol Nutr Food Res. 2024 Apr;68(8):e2300675. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.202300675. Epub 2024 Mar 29.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of global mortality and novel approaches for prevention and management are needed. The human gastrointestinal tract hosts a diverse microbiota that is crucial in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. The formulation of effective probiotics, alone or in combination, has been under discussion due to their impact on cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Probiotics have been shown to impact cardiovascular health positively. An imbalance in the presence of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes has been linked to the progression of CVDs due to their impact on bile acid and cholesterol metabolism. The probiotics primarily help in the reduction of plasma low-density lipoprotein levels and attenuation of the proinflammatory markers. These beneficial microorganisms contribute to lowering cholesterol levels and produce essential short-chain fatty acids. The impact of lipid-regulating probiotic strains on human health is quite significant. However, only a few have been tested for potential beneficial efficacy, and ambiguity exists regarding strain dosages, interactions with confounding factors, and potential adverse effects. Hence, more comprehensive studies and randomized trials are needed to understand the mechanisms of probiotics on CVDs and to ensure human health. This review assesses the evidence and highlights the roles of strain-specific probiotics in the management of CVDs.
心血管疾病（CVDs）是全球死亡率的主要原因，因此需要新的预防和管理方法。人类胃肠道中存在着多样化的微生物群，对于维持代谢平衡至关重要。由于其对心血管和代谢疾病的影响，单独或联合使用有效的益生菌制剂一直是讨论的话题。益生菌已被证明对心血管健康有积极影响。由于其对胆汁酸和胆固醇代谢的影响，厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门的存在失衡与 CVD 的进展有关。益生菌主要有助于降低血浆低密度脂蛋白水平，并减轻促炎标志物。这些有益微生物有助于降低胆固醇水平并产生必需的短链脂肪酸。调节脂质的益生菌菌株对人类健康的影响非常显著。然而，只有少数几种益生菌菌株经过了潜在有益功效的测试，其菌株剂量、与混杂因素的相互作用以及潜在的不良反应仍然存在不确定性。因此，需要进行更全面的研究和随机试验，以了解益生菌对 CVD 的作用机制，并确保人类健康。本综述评估了相关证据，并强调了特定菌株益生菌在 CVD 管理中的作用。
